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A Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling Approach for the Numerical Verification of the Bioclimatic Design of a Public Urban Area in Greece

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  • George M. Stavrakakis

    (Power Plant Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
    Energy and Environmental Research Office, 20 Agamemnonos Str., 71409 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Dimitris A. Katsaprakakis

    (Power Plant Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Braimakis

    (Laboratory of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning & Solar Energy, Thermal Engineering Section, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Zografou, Greece)

Abstract

Recent recordings of urban overheating reveal a dramatic increase in cities’ population exposure to heatwaves. Heatwaves’ implications are escalated in urban environments due to the intensification of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. To combat the overheating and UHI adverse effects, novel urban rehabilitation actions are needed based on reliable predictions of appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) (such as pedestrian-level air temperature and thermal comfort) for alternative design scenarios. The objective of the current study is to present the application of a previously developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the calculation of urban microclimatic conditions for the assessment of the UHI and thermal-comfort conditions in a central urban area in the city of Heraklion in Crete, Greece. Empirical validation of the model is performed through comparisons with monitored microclimate data (i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) and actual sensation vote recordings found in another research study. In compliance with the latter, the validation campaign is conducted for a typical hot summer day in July 2009 from 10:00 to 16:00. The model is then used to assess the UHI effects for both the existing urban configuration and a given suggested environmental upgrade of the space. Simulations of the existing situation reveal that the squares located in the studied area already stand for efficient resistances to urban overheating, and heat vulnerabilities are detected mainly in non-shaded traffic and pedestrian roads perimetric to the squares. Based on the CFD simulations, the suggested environmental upgrading plan exhibits a reduction in the peak mean air temperature of 0.46 °C, and thermal comfort is improved by at least 5% (based on SET) throughout the studied area in summer. At the same time, simulations of winter conditions suggest that there are limited potential pedestrian thermal-sensation and building heating penalties under the considered renovation scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • George M. Stavrakakis & Dimitris A. Katsaprakakis & Konstantinos Braimakis, 2023. "A Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling Approach for the Numerical Verification of the Bioclimatic Design of a Public Urban Area in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11642-:d:1204548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriele Manoli & Simone Fatichi & Markus Schläpfer & Kailiang Yu & Thomas W. Crowther & Naika Meili & Paolo Burlando & Gabriel G. Katul & Elie Bou-Zeid, 2019. "Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population," Nature, Nature, vol. 573(7772), pages 55-60, September.
    2. George M. Stavrakakis & Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Markos Damasiotis, 2021. "Basic Principles, Most Common Computational Tools, and Capabilities for Building Energy and Urban Microclimate Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-41, October.
    3. Martina Giorio & Rossana Paparella, 2023. "Climate Mitigation Strategies: The Use of Cool Pavements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-26, May.
    4. Santamouris, M. & Yun, Geun Young, 2020. "Recent development and research priorities on cool and super cool materials to mitigate urban heat island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 792-807.
    5. Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Georgios Zidianakis & Yiannis Yiannakoudakis & Evaggelos Manioudakis & Irini Dakanali & Spyros Kanouras, 2020. "Working on Buildings’ Energy Performance Upgrade in Mediterranean Climate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-28, May.
    6. Berger, Tania & Chundeli, Faiz Ahmed & Pandey, Rama Umesh & Jain, Minakshi & Tarafdar, Ayon Kumar & Ramamurthy, Adinarayanane, 2022. "Low-income residents' strategies to cope with urban heat," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
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