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How Urban Morphology Relates to the Urban Heat Island Effect: A Multi-Indicator Study

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  • Biao Liu

    (School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Xian Guo

    (School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Jie Jiang

    (School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract

Urban morphology quantitatively expresses a city’s spatial structure, internal relationships, and physical form. It has advantages for predicting urban growth and analyzing the current state of cities in the literature. A comprehensive study on the complex relationships between urban morphology and urban heat island intensity (UHII) is of great importance for mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect for megacities. This study models urban morphological indicators in fine resolution based on three aspects: building morphology, ecological infrastructure, and human activities. The model accurately captures UHII by employing the definition of UHI effects. The relationship between urban morphology and UHII was further examined using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). By taking central Beijing, China as study area, major findings include the following: (1) Significant daytime UHI effects were observed within the research area, particularly during the summer months, when it appears to be most severe. More than 90% of the region experiences varying degrees of the UHI effects. (2) UHI is significantly correlated with both 2D and 3D urban morphological indicators. Low sky view factor (SVF) and high SVF tend to mitigate UHI, whereas moderate SVF tends to aggravate UHI. (3) In densely populated areas, tall trees may be more effective than other forms of vegetation at mitigating UHI. Based on the aforementioned findings, this article suggests that urban morphology optimization should focus on seasonality, spatial specificity, and indicator specificity for megacities in urban design and spatial planning aimed at mitigating UHI.

Suggested Citation

  • Biao Liu & Xian Guo & Jie Jiang, 2023. "How Urban Morphology Relates to the Urban Heat Island Effect: A Multi-Indicator Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:10787-:d:1190387
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Paola Lassandro & Sara Antonella Zaccaro & Silvia Di Turi, 2024. "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Different Urban Fabrics to Face Increasingly Hot Summer Days Due to Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-30, March.
    2. Tao Shen & Wenshiqi Zhou & Shuai Yuan & Liang Huo, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Morphology of Urban Buildings Based on Moran’s I," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Cansu Güller & Süleyman Toy, 2024. "The Impacts of Urban Morphology on Urban Heat Islands in Housing Areas: The Case of Erzurum, Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Yan Rao & Shaohua Zhang & Kun Yang & Yan Ma & Weilin Wang & Lede Niu, 2024. "Scale Differences and Gradient Effects of Local Climate Zone Spatial Pattern on Urban Heat Island Impact—A Case in Guangzhou’s Core Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, August.

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