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Evaluation of Soil Loss and Sediment Yield Based on GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in a Complex Amazon Mountain Basin of Peru: Case Study Mayo River Basin, San Martin Region

Author

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  • Katherine del Carmen Camacho-Zorogastúa

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae (UCSS), Los Olivos 15301, Peru)

  • Julio Cesar Minga

    (Facultad de Ingeniería Geográfica, Ambiental y Ecoturismo, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Cercado de Lima 15082, Peru)

  • Jhon Walter Gómez-Lora

    (Facultad de Ingeniería Geográfica, Ambiental y Ecoturismo, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Cercado de Lima 15082, Peru)

  • Víctor Hugo Gallo-Ramos

    (Instituto Especializado de Investigación y Gestión del Agua (INEIGA), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Lima 15082, Peru
    Environmental and Hydrologic Engineering, Chorrillos 15064, Peru)

  • Victor Garcés Díaz

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae (UCSS), Los Olivos 15301, Peru)

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the average annual rate of soil loss by rainfall in terms of spatial distribution and sediment rate using RUSLE and GIS techniques. Additionally, remote sensing and available soil property information are applied for erosion analysis. The work reveals a very severe type of soil erosion, with the highest mean rate in the steep areas. Annual mean erosion in many parts of the basin is in the range of 0 to 9237.0 t/km 2 /year with an average of 403 t/km 2 /year. Approximately 45% (in the upper basin) of the total area has moderate to high soil loss by water, especially in five catchments, namely Serranoyacu, Naranjos, Naranjillo, Yuracyacu, and Tonchima at 886.8 t/km 2 /yr, 985.1 t/km 2 /yr, 691.3 t/km 2 /yr, 567.3 t/km 2 /yr, and 506.9 t/km 2 /yr, respectively. Catchment-wise soil loss estimates suggest that these areas are experiencing much higher soil loss in comparison to others; hence, these catchments are prioritized for soil conservation efforts. Sediment rate assessments indicate high sediment deposition along the flow direction of the mainstream of the catchment; in the upper Mayo part, the highest sediment rates are in Yuracyacu, Serranoyacu and Tonchima. Finally, the parts most vulnerable to increased erosion rate are the central part of the basin, which indicates progressive sediment deposition.

Suggested Citation

  • Katherine del Carmen Camacho-Zorogastúa & Julio Cesar Minga & Jhon Walter Gómez-Lora & Víctor Hugo Gallo-Ramos & Victor Garcés Díaz, 2023. "Evaluation of Soil Loss and Sediment Yield Based on GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in a Complex Amazon Mountain Basin of Peru: Case Study Mayo River Basin, San Martin Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:9059-:d:1163334
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Pimentel, 2006. "Soil Erosion: A Food and Environmental Threat," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 119-137, February.
    2. Luca Montanarella, 2015. "Agricultural policy: Govern our soils," Nature, Nature, vol. 528(7580), pages 32-33, December.
    3. David Pimentel & Michael Burgess, 2013. "Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Asish Saha & Palash Ghosh & Biswajit Mitra, 2018. "GIS Based Soil Erosion Estimation Using Rusle Model: A Case Study of Upper Kangsabati Watershed, West Bengal, India," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 13(5), pages 119-126, August.
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