IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i11p8971-d1162180.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Eco-Innovation Strategies from the Perspective of Strategic Green Transformation: A Case of the Lithuanian Furniture Industry

Author

Listed:
  • Paulius Šūmakaris

    (Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Kristina Kovaitė

    (Faculty of Creative Industries, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Traku Str. 1, LT-01132 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Renata Korsakienė

    (Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

Evaluation and selection of eco-innovation strategies is a significant and complex strategic decision, and despite the relevance and interest in the field of eco-innovation, the area of eco-innovation strategies has not been explored in depth in the scientific literature. Therefore, in this study, we propose an integrated approach to evaluating eco-innovation strategies from the perspective of strategic green transformation that helps decision-makers evaluate and select eco-innovation strategy aiming to achieve a competitive advantage. For this study, we adopted a validated multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The reliability of the proposed framework was tested and applied in the context of the Lithuanian furniture industry. This study offers three contributions and provides a comprehensive and profound insights into eco-innovation strategies. First, this study conceptualizes eco-innovation strategy from the perspective of strategic green transformation and proposed a novel definition and classification of eco-innovation strategies leading to competitive advantage. Second, this study proposes a novel approach to the evaluation of eco-innovation strategies taking into account micro-, meso-, and macro-level environmental factors. Third, the findings of this study provide implications for scholars and decision-makers in the field of eco-innovation strategy and set an agenda for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulius Šūmakaris & Kristina Kovaitė & Renata Korsakienė, 2023. "An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Eco-Innovation Strategies from the Perspective of Strategic Green Transformation: A Case of the Lithuanian Furniture Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-33, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:8971-:d:1162180
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/11/8971/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/11/8971/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yongbo Sun & Hui Sun, 2021. "Green Innovation Strategy and Ambidextrous Green Innovation: The Mediating Effects of Green Supply Chain Integration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Michele Bernasconi & Christine Choirat & Raffaello Seri, 2010. "The Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Theory of Measurement," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(4), pages 699-711, April.
    3. Sara Walton & Annie Zhang & Conor O'Kane, 2020. "Energy eco‐innovations for sustainable development: Exploring organizational strategic capabilities through an energy cultures framework," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 812-826, March.
    4. Defeng Yang & Wei Jiang & Weihong Zhao, 2019. "Proactive environmental strategy, innovation capability, and stakeholder integration capability: A mediation analysis," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(8), pages 1534-1547, December.
    5. Xiue Zhang & Qiao Meng & Yuan Le, 2022. "How Do New Ventures Implementing Green Innovation Strategy Achieve Performance Growth?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    6. Lingli Qing & Dongphil Chun & Abd Alwahed Dagestani & Peng Li, 2022. "Does Proactive Green Technology Innovation Improve Financial Performance? Evidence from Listed Companies with Semiconductor Concepts Stock in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Binh Do & Ninh Nguyen, 2020. "The Links between Proactive Environmental Strategy, Competitive Advantages and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, June.
    8. Lin, Woon Leong & Ho, Jo Ann & Sambasivan, Murali & Yip, Nick & Mohamed, Azali Bin, 2021. "Influence of green innovation strategy on brand value: The role of marketing capability and R&D intensity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    9. Hua-Hung (Robin) Weng & Ja-Shen Chen & Pei-Ching Chen, 2015. "Effects of Green Innovation on Environmental and Corporate Performance: A Stakeholder Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-30, April.
    10. Armita Khorsandi & Liping Li, 2022. "A Multi-Analysis of Children and Adolescents’ Video Gaming Addiction with the AHP and TOPSIS Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-21, August.
    11. Paola Garrone & Luca Grilli & Boris Mrkajic, 2018. "The role of institutional pressures in the introduction of energy‐efficiency innovations," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(8), pages 1245-1257, December.
    12. Jürgen Kruse & Heike Wetzel, 2016. "Editor's Choice Energy Prices, Technological Knowledge, and Innovation in Green Energy Technologies: a Dynamic Panel Analysis of European Patent Data," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 62(3), pages 397-425.
    13. Erik Stam & Karl Wennberg, 2009. "The roles of R&D in new firm growth," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 77-89, June.
    14. Chiou, Tzu-Yun & Chan, Hing Kai & Lettice, Fiona & Chung, Sai Ho, 2011. "The influence of greening the suppliers and green innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage in Taiwan," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 822-836.
    15. Stucki, Tobias & Woerter, Martin & Arvanitis, Spyros & Peneder, Michael & Rammer, Christian, 2018. "How different policy instruments affect green product innovation: A differentiated perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 245-261.
    16. Gema Albort-Morant & Jörg Henseler & Antonio Leal-Millán & Gabriel Cepeda-Carrión, 2017. "Mapping the Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-15, June.
    17. Yingying Sun & Kexin Bi & Shi Yin, 2020. "Measuring and Integrating Risk Management into Green Innovation Practices for Green Manufacturing under the Global Value Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-33, January.
    18. Abdullah F. Alnaim & Nadia Abdelhamid Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed & Bahadur Ali Soomro, 2022. "Environmental Challenges and Green Innovation Strategy: A Vigorous Development of Greener Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, August.
    19. Xiao Yu & Yingdong Xu & Jian Zhang & Yue Sun, 2022. "The Synergy Green Innovation Effect of Green Innovation Subsidies and Carbon Taxes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-27, March.
    20. Shuang Meng & Huan Yan & Jiajie Yu, 2022. "Global Value Chain Participation and Green Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    21. Yu, Wantao & Ramanathan, Ramakrishnan & Nath, Prithwiraj, 2017. "Environmental pressures and performance: An analysis of the roles of environmental innovation strategy and marketing capability," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 160-169.
    22. Lisa Melander, 2017. "Achieving Sustainable Development by Collaborating in Green Product Innovation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(8), pages 1095-1109, December.
    23. Sadhna Shukla, 2019. "Stakeholder adoption of eco-innovation strategies: review of Indian service companies," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(4), pages 475-495.
    24. Christoph P. Kiefer & Pablo Del Río González & Javier Carrillo‐Hermosilla, 2019. "Drivers and barriers of eco‐innovation types for sustainable transitions: A quantitative perspective," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 155-172, January.
    25. Borghesi, Simone & Cainelli, Giulio & Mazzanti, Massimiliano, 2015. "Linking emission trading to environmental innovation: Evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 669-683.
    26. Agusti Segarra-Blasco and Elisenda Jove-Llopis, 2019. "Determinants of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in European SMEs," Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    27. Peter S. Hofman & Constantin Blome & Martin C. Schleper & Nachiappan Subramanian, 2020. "Supply chain collaboration and eco‐innovations: An institutional perspective from China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2734-2754, September.
    28. Kammerer, Daniel, 2009. "The effects of customer benefit and regulation on environmental product innovation.: Empirical evidence from appliance manufacturers in Germany," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(8-9), pages 2285-2295, June.
    29. Rosa Maria Dangelico & Devashish Pujari & Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, 2017. "Green Product Innovation in Manufacturing Firms: A Sustainability‐Oriented Dynamic Capability Perspective," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 490-506, May.
    30. Defeng Yang & Aric Xu Wang & Kevin Zheng Zhou & Wei Jiang, 2019. "Environmental Strategy, Institutional Force, and Innovation Capability: A Managerial Cognition Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 159(4), pages 1147-1161, November.
    31. G Montibeller & L A Franco, 2011. "Raising the bar: strategic multi-criteria decision analysis," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 62(5), pages 855-867, May.
    32. Paulius Šūmakaris & Renata Korsakienė & Deniss Ščeulovs, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Efficient Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    33. Lu Qiu & Xiaowen Jie & Yanan Wang & Minjuan Zhao, 2020. "Green product innovation, green dynamic capability, and competitive advantage: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1), pages 146-165, January.
    34. Leonidou, Leonidas C. & Fotiadis, Thomas A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Spyropoulou, Stavroula & Katsikeas, Constantine S., 2015. "Environmentally friendly export business strategy: Its determinants and effects on competitive advantage and performance," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 798-811.
    35. Eiadat, Yousef & Kelly, Aidan & Roche, Frank & Eyadat, Hussein, 2008. "Green and competitive? An empirical test of the mediating role of environmental innovation strategy," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 131-145, March.
    36. Yu-Hsien Lin & Yu-Shan Chen, 2017. "Determinants of green competitive advantage: the roles of green knowledge sharing, green dynamic capabilities, and green service innovation," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1663-1685, July.
    37. Alessandro Muscio & Gianluca Nardone & Antonio Stasi, 2017. "How does the search for knowledge drive firms’ eco-innovation? Evidence from the wine industry," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 298-320, April.
    38. Claudia Ghisetti & Susanna Mancinelli & Massimiliano Mazzanti & Mariangela Zoli, 2017. "Financial barriers and environmental innovations: evidence from EU manufacturing firms," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(0), pages 131-147, June.
    39. Sascha Kraus & Matthias Breier & Sonia Dasí-Rodríguez, 2020. "The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1023-1042, September.
    40. Hammad Riaz & Abubakr Saeed & Muhammad Saad Baloch & Nasrullah & Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, 2019. "Valuation of Environmental Management Standard ISO 14001: Evidence from an Emerging Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    41. Caiming Wang & Jian Li, 2020. "The Evaluation and Promotion Path of Green Innovation Performance in Chinese Pollution-Intensive Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, May.
    42. Baoshan Ge & Yibing Yang & Dake Jiang & Yang Gao & Xiaomin Du & Tingting Zhou, 2018. "An Empirical Study on Green Innovation Strategy and Sustainable Competitive Advantages: Path and Boundary," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    43. Na Wang & Jinshan Zhang & Xiue Zhang & Wei Wang, 2022. "How to Improve Green Innovation Performance: A Conditional Process Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, March.
    44. Yu-Shan Chen & Yu-Hsien Lin & Ching-Ying Lin & Chih-Wei Chang, 2015. "Enhancing Green Absorptive Capacity, Green Dynamic Capacities and Green Service Innovation to Improve Firm Performance: An Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-19, November.
    45. Russell Tatenda Munodawafa & Satirenjit Kaur Johl, 2019. "A Systematic Review of Eco-Innovation and Performance from the Resource-Based and Stakeholder Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-23, November.
    46. Jiawen Chen & Linlin Liu, 2018. "Profiting from Green Innovation: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, December.
    47. Serenella Caravella & Francesco Crespi, 2022. "On the growth impact of different eco-innovation business strategies," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 39(2), pages 657-683, July.
    48. Marcus Wagner & Patrick Llerena, 2011. "Eco-Innovation Through Integration, Regulation and Cooperation: Comparative Insights from Case Studies in Three Manufacturing Sectors," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 747-764, November.
    49. Kuen‐Hung Tsai & Yi‐Chuan Liao, 2017. "Sustainability Strategy and Eco‐Innovation: A Moderation Model," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 426-437, May.
    50. Chaminda Wijethilake & Rahat Munir & Ranjith Appuhami, 2018. "Environmental Innovation Strategy and Organizational Performance: Enabling and Controlling Uses of Management Control Systems," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(4), pages 1139-1160, September.
    51. Wenhao Song & Hongyan Yu, 2018. "Green Innovation Strategy and Green Innovation: The Roles of Green Creativity and Green Organizational Identity," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(2), pages 135-150, March.
    52. Yi‐Chuan Liao & Kuen‐Hung Tsai, 2019. "Innovation intensity, creativity enhancement, and eco‐innovation strategy: The roles of customer demand and environmental regulation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 316-326, February.
    53. Tian Yang & Changhao Liu & Raymond P. Côté & Jinwen Ye & Weifeng Liu, 2022. "Evaluating the Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis Using a Group AHP-TOPSIS Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-30, June.
    54. Anna Sadovnikova & Ashish Pujari, 2017. "The effect of green partnerships on firm value," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 251-267, March.
    55. Xiongfeng Pan & Cuicui Han & Xiaowei Lu & Zhiming Jiao & Yang Ming, 2020. "Green innovation ability evaluation of manufacturing enterprises based on AHP–OVP model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 290(1), pages 409-419, July.
    56. Rahul Kumar & Kanwarpreet Singh & Sanjiv Kumar Jain, 2020. "A combined AHP and TOPSIS approach for prioritizing the attributes for successful implementation of agile manufacturing," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 69(7), pages 1395-1417, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nosheen Fatma & Abid Haleem, 2023. "Exploring the Nexus of Eco-Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Review and Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Gabriel Gomes Moreira & Robério José Rogério dos Santos & Victor Diogho Heuer de Carvalho & Francisco José Peixoto Rosário & Agnaldo José dos Santos, 2024. "Potential for Frugal Innovation in a Brazilian Regional System: A Study Based on a Multicriteria Approach," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paulius Šūmakaris & Renata Korsakienė & Deniss Ščeulovs, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Efficient Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Ayça Kubra Hizarci‐Payne & İlayda İpek & Gülüzar Kurt Gümüş, 2021. "How environmental innovation influences firm performance: A meta‐analytic review," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 1174-1190, February.
    3. Huang, Yi-Chun & Chen, Chih Ta, 2022. "Exploring institutional pressures, firm green slack, green product innovation and green new product success: Evidence from Taiwan's high-tech industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    4. Ali Saleh Alshebami, 2023. "Green Innovation, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Economic Performance: Interactions among Saudi Small Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Lin, Woon Leong & Ho, Jo Ann & Sambasivan, Murali & Yip, Nick & Mohamed, Azali Bin, 2021. "Influence of green innovation strategy on brand value: The role of marketing capability and R&D intensity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    6. Yan lI, 2022. "Corporate Social Responsibility of Chinese Manufacturing Companies' effect on Green Business Strategy, Innovation and Performance," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 31(1), pages 522-552, May.
    7. Peter S. Hofman & Constantin Blome & Martin C. Schleper & Nachiappan Subramanian, 2020. "Supply chain collaboration and eco‐innovations: An institutional perspective from China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2734-2754, September.
    8. Singh, Sanjay Kumar & Giudice, Manlio Del & Chierici, Roberto & Graziano, Domenico, 2020. "Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    9. Na Wang & Shan Jin Zhang & Wei Wang, 2022. "Impact of Environmental Innovation Strategy on Green Competitiveness: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-17, May.
    10. Hartmann, Julia & Inkpen, Andrew & Ramaswamy, Kannan, 2022. "An FsQCA exploration of multiple paths to ecological innovation adoption in European transportation," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
    11. Arnaldo Coelho & Jorge Ferreira & Catarina Proença, 2024. "The impact of green entrepreneurial orientation on sustainability performance through the effects of green product and process innovation: The moderating role of ambidexterity," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 3184-3202, May.
    12. Zahid Yousaf & Magdalena Radulescu & Crenguta Sinisi & Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Mohamed Haffar, 2022. "How Do Firms Achieve Green Innovation? Investigating the Influential Factors among the Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.
    13. Chotia, Varun & Cheng, Yue & Agarwal, Reeti & Vishnoi, Sushant Kumar, 2024. "AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    14. Zhou, Min & Govindan, Kannan & Xie, Xiongbiao & Yan, Liang, 2021. "How to drive green innovation in China's mining enterprises? Under the perspective of environmental legitimacy and green absorptive capacity," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    15. Khalid Mehmood & Pradeep Kautish & Sachin Kumar Mangla & Ahsan Ali & Yigit Kazancoglu, 2024. "Navigating a net‐zero economy future: Antecedents and consequences of net‐zero economy‐based green innovation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 4175-4197, July.
    16. Xinpeng Xing & Tiansen Liu & Lin Shen & Jianhua Wang, 2020. "Linking Environmental Regulation and Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Dynamic Capability and Sustainable Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, January.
    17. Antonella Biscione & Raul Caruso & Annunziata de Felice, 2021. "Environmental innovation in European transition countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 521-535, January.
    18. Yali Zhang & Jun Sun & Zhaojun Yang & Shurong Li, 2018. "Organizational Learning and Green Innovation: Does Environmental Proactivity Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, October.
    19. Farzana Riva & Solon Magrizos & Mohammad Rabiul Basher Rubel, 2021. "Investigating the link between managers' green knowledge and leadership style, and their firms' environmental performance: The mediation role of green creativity," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(7), pages 3228-3240, November.
    20. Hung M. Nguyen & George Onofrei & Dothang Truong & Simon Lockrey, 2020. "Customer green orientation and process innovation alignment: A configuration approach in the global manufacturing industry," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2498-2513, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:8971-:d:1162180. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.