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Investigation on the Potential of Various Biomass Waste for the Synthesis of Carbon Material for Energy Storage Application

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  • Brenda Ai-Lian Lim

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre of Photonics and Advanced Material Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Steven Lim

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre of Photonics and Advanced Material Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Yean Ling Pang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre of Photonics and Advanced Material Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Siew Hoong Shuit

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre of Photonics and Advanced Material Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Kam Huei Wong

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
    Centre of Photonics and Advanced Material Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Jong Boon Ooi

    (Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia)

Abstract

The metal–air battery (MAB) has been a promising technology to store energy, with its outstanding energy density, as well as safety features. Yet, the current material used as air cathode is costly and not easily available. This study investigated a few biomass wastes with good potential, including the oil palm empty fruit bunch and garlic peel, as well as the oil palm frond, to determine a sufficiently environmentally-safe, yet efficient, precursor to produce carbon material as an electro-catalyst for MAB. The precursors were carbonized at different temperatures (450, 600, and 700 °C) and time (30, 45, and 60 min) followed by chemical (KOH) activation to synthesize the carbon material. The synthesized materials were subsequently studied through chemical, as well as physical characterization. It was found that PF presented superior tunability that can improve electrical conductivity, due to its ability to produce amorphous carbon particles with a smaller size, consisting of hierarchical porous structure, along with a higher specific surface area of up to 777.62 m 2 g −1 , when carbonized at 600 °C for 60 min. This paper identified that PF has the potential as a sustainable and cost-efficient alternative to carbon nanotube (CNT) as an electro-catalyst for energy storage application, such as MAB.

Suggested Citation

  • Brenda Ai-Lian Lim & Steven Lim & Yean Ling Pang & Siew Hoong Shuit & Kam Huei Wong & Jong Boon Ooi, 2022. "Investigation on the Potential of Various Biomass Waste for the Synthesis of Carbon Material for Energy Storage Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:2919-:d:762643
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ma, Zhuo & Wang, Kaixuan & Qiu, Yunfeng & Liu, Xizheng & Cao, Changyan & Feng, Yujie & Hu, PingAn, 2018. "Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon derived from bio-waste as a promising electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 43-55.
    2. Danny Wei Kit Chin & Steven Lim & Yean Ling Pang & Chun Hsion Lim & Siew Hoong Shuit & Kiat Moon Lee & Cheng Tung Chong, 2021. "Effects of Organic Solvents on the Organosolv Pretreatment of Degraded Empty Fruit Bunch for Fractionation and Lignin Removal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Praene, Jean Philippe & Fakra, Damien Ali Hamada & Benard, Fiona & Ayagapin, Leslie & Rachadi, Mohamed Nasroudine Mohamed, 2021. "Comoros’s energy review for promoting renewable energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 885-893.
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    1. Ooi, Jong Boon & Chan, Xian Loong & Jaliliantabar, Farzad & Tan, Boon Thong & Wang, Xin & Song, Cher Pin & Chiong, Meng-Choung & Hung, Yew Mun, 2024. "Experimental study of quaternary blends with diesel/palm-oil biodiesel/ethanol/diethyl ether for optimum performance and emissions in a light-duty diesel engine using response surface methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).

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