IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v9y2021i17p2028-d620655.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Wind Power Extraction Optimization by Dynamic Gain Scheduling Approximation Based on Non-Linear Functions for a WECS Based on a PMSG

Author

Listed:
  • José Genaro González-Hernández

    (Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Av. Primero de Mayo, Ciudad Madero 89440, Tamaulipas, Mexico
    Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de Altamira, Altamira 89603, Tamaulipas, Mexico)

  • Rubén Salas-Cabrera

    (Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Av. Primero de Mayo, Ciudad Madero 89440, Tamaulipas, Mexico)

Abstract

Mathematical models and algorithms for maximizing power extraction have become an essential topic in renewable energies in the last years, especially in wind energy conversion systems. This study proposes maximum power point tracking using gain scheduling approximations for an emulated wind system in a direct-drive connection. Power extraction is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of a Multilevel Boost Converter, which directly varies the rotational speed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator directly coupled to a three-phase induction motor that emulates the wind turbine. The system’s complexity is linked to the inherent non-linearities associated with the diverse electrical, mechanical, and power electronic elements. In order to present a synthesized model without losing the system dynamic richness, several physical tests were made to obtain parameters for building several mathematical approaches, resulting in non-linear dynamic equations for the controller gains, which are dependant on wind speed. Thirty real operational wind speeds considering typical variations were used in several tests to demonstrate the mathematical models’ performance. Results among these gain scheduling approaches and a typical controller constant gains mathematical model were compared based on standard deviations, absolute error, and the time for reaching the optimum generator angular speed related to every wind speed.

Suggested Citation

  • José Genaro González-Hernández & Rubén Salas-Cabrera, 2021. "Wind Power Extraction Optimization by Dynamic Gain Scheduling Approximation Based on Non-Linear Functions for a WECS Based on a PMSG," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:17:p:2028-:d:620655
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/17/2028/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/17/2028/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Diego Calabrese & Gioacchino Tricarico & Elia Brescia & Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella & Vito Giuseppe Monopoli & Francesco Cupertino, 2020. "Variable Structure Control of a Small Ducted Wind Turbine in the Whole Wind Speed Range Using a Luenberger Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Karabacak, Murat, 2019. "A new perturb and observe based higher order sliding mode MPPT control of wind turbines eliminating the rotor inertial effect," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 807-827.
    3. Mokhtari, Yacine & Rekioua, Djamila, 2018. "High performance of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Ant Colony algorithm in wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 1055-1063.
    4. Abdelhak Dida & Djilani Ben Attous, 2017. "Adaptive hill-climb searching method for MPPT algorithm based DFIG system using fuzzy logic controller," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 8(1), pages 424-434, January.
    5. Yarmohammadi, Mohammad J. & Sadeghzadeh, Arash & Taghizadeh, Mostafa, 2020. "Gain-scheduled control of wind turbine exploiting inexact wind speed measurement for full operating range," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 890-901.
    6. Bundi, Josephat Machoka & Ban, Xiaojun & Wekesa, David Wafula & Ding, Shuchen, 2020. "Pitch control of small H-type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines using advanced gain scheduling techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 756-765.
    7. Zerrahn, Alexander & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Kemfert, Claudia, 2018. "On the economics of electrical storage for variable renewable energy sources," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 259-279.
    8. Youssef, Abdel-Raheem & Mousa, Hossam H.H. & Mohamed, Essam E.M., 2020. "Development of self-adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for wind generation systems with concentrated search area," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 875-893.
    9. Mousa, Hossam H.H. & Youssef, Abdel-Raheem & Mohamed, Essam E.M., 2020. "Hybrid and adaptive sectors P&O MPPT algorithm based wind generation system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 1412-1429.
    10. Li, Xingshuo & Wen, Huiqing & Hu, Yihua & Jiang, Lin, 2019. "A novel beta parameter based fuzzy-logic controller for photovoltaic MPPT application," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 416-427.
    11. Chen, Jian & Yao, Wei & Zhang, Chuan-Ke & Ren, Yaxing & Jiang, Lin, 2019. "Design of robust MPPT controller for grid-connected PMSG-Based wind turbine via perturbation observation based nonlinear adaptive control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 478-495.
    12. Willis, D.J. & Niezrecki, C. & Kuchma, D. & Hines, E. & Arwade, S.R. & Barthelmie, R.J. & DiPaola, M. & Drane, P.J. & Hansen, C.J. & Inalpolat, M. & Mack, J.H. & Myers, A.T. & Rotea, M., 2018. "Wind energy research: State-of-the-art and future research directions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 133-154.
    13. Satué, Manuel G. & Castaño, Fernando & Ortega, Manuel G. & Rubio, Francisco R., 2020. "Power feedback strategy based on efficiency trajectory analysis for HCPV sun tracking," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 65-76.
    14. Zhijie Liu & Kejun Li & Yuanyuan Sun & Jinyu Wang & Zhuodi Wang & Kaiqi Sun & Meiyan Wang, 2018. "A Steady-State Analysis Method for Modular Multilevel Converters Connected to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-31, February.
    15. Praene, Jean Philippe & Fakra, Damien Ali Hamada & Benard, Fiona & Ayagapin, Leslie & Rachadi, Mohamed Nasroudine Mohamed, 2021. "Comoros’s energy review for promoting renewable energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 885-893.
    16. Jenniches, Simon, 2018. "Assessing the regional economic impacts of renewable energy sources – A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 35-51.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. González-Hernández, José Genaro & Salas-Cabrera, Rubén & Vázquez-Bautista, Roberto & Ong-de-la-Cruz, Luis Manuel & Rodríguez-Guillén, Joel, 2021. "A novel MPPT PI discrete reverse-acting controller for a wind energy conversion system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 904-915.
    2. Wang, Jian-jun & Deng, Yu-cong & Sun, Wen-biao & Zheng, Xiao-bin & Cui, Zheng, 2023. "Maximum power point tracking method based on impedance matching for a micro hydropower generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    3. Dali, Ali & Abdelmalek, Samir & Bakdi, Azzeddine & Bettayeb, Maamar, 2021. "A new robust control scheme: Application for MPP tracking of a PMSG-based variable-speed wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1021-1034.
    4. Youssef, Abdel-Raheem & Mousa, Hossam H.H. & Mohamed, Essam E.M., 2020. "Development of self-adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for wind generation systems with concentrated search area," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 875-893.
    5. Wollz, Danilo Henrique & da Silva, Sergio Augusto Oliveira & Sampaio, Leonardo Poltronieri, 2020. "Real-time monitoring of an electronic wind turbine emulator based on the dynamic PMSG model using a graphical interface," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 296-308.
    6. Zouheyr, Dekali & Lotfi, Baghli & Abdelmadjid, Boumediene, 2021. "Improved hardware implementation of a TSR based MPPT algorithm for a low cost connected wind turbine emulator under unbalanced wind speeds," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    7. Gerbaulet, Clemens & von Hirschhausen, Christian & Kemfert, Claudia & Lorenz, Casimir & Oei, Pao-Yu, 2019. "European electricity sector decarbonization under different levels of foresight," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 141, pages 973-987.
    8. d'Amore-Domenech, Rafael & Leo, Teresa J. & Pollet, Bruno G., 2021. "Bulk power transmission at sea: Life cycle cost comparison of electricity and hydrogen as energy vectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    9. Behrang Shirizadeh, Quentin Perrier, and Philippe Quirion, 2022. "How Sensitive are Optimal Fully Renewable Power Systems to Technology Cost Uncertainty?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 1).
    10. Rezk, Hegazy & AL-Oran, Mazen & Gomaa, Mohamed R. & Tolba, Mohamed A. & Fathy, Ahmed & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G. & El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M., 2019. "A novel statistical performance evaluation of most modern optimization-based global MPPT techniques for partially shaded PV system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    11. Francisco Haces-Fernandez, 2020. "GoWInD: Wind Energy Spatiotemporal Assessment and Characterization of End-of-Life Activities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-20, November.
    12. Khadijah Iddrisu & Isaac Ofoeda & Joshua Yindenaba Abor, 2023. "Inward foreign direct investment and inclusiveness of growth: will renewable energy consumption make a difference?," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 367-388, July.
    13. Agnieszka Brelik & Piotr Nowaczyk & Katarzyna Cheba, 2023. "The Economic Importance of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Helm, Carsten & Mier, Mathias, 2021. "Steering the energy transition in a world of intermittent electricity supply: Optimal subsidies and taxes for renewables and storage," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    15. Mito, Mohamed T. & Ma, Xianghong & Albuflasa, Hanan & Davies, Philip A., 2019. "Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination driven by wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy: State of the art and challenges for large-scale implementation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 669-685.
    16. Jan Abrell & Sebastian Rausch & Clemens Streitberger, 2022. "The Economic and Climate Value of Flexibility in Green Energy Markets," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 83(2), pages 289-312, October.
    17. Albert H. Schrotenboer & Evrim Ursavas & Iris F. A. Vis, 2019. "A Branch-and-Price-and-Cut Algorithm for Resource-Constrained Pickup and Delivery Problems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 1001-1022, July.
    18. Schauf, Magnus & Schwenen, Sebastian, 2023. "System price dynamics for battery storage," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    19. Mojtaba Nasiri & Saleh Mobayen & Quan Min Zhu, 2019. "Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Gearless PMSG-Based Wind Turbine," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-15, April.
    20. Lema, Rasmus & Bhamidipati, Padmasai Lakshmi & Gregersen, Cecilia & Hansen, Ulrich Elmer & Kirchherr, Julian, 2021. "China’s investments in renewable energy in Africa: Creating co-benefits or just cashing-in?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:17:p:2028-:d:620655. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.