IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i4p2057-d747053.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impacts of COVID-19 on Small-Scale Dairy Enterprises in an Indian Megacity—Insights from Greater Bengaluru

Author

Listed:
  • Md Shahin Alam

    (Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Eva Schlecht

    (Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Marion Reichenbach

    (Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

Abstract

Natural calamities and pandemics massively affect small-scale entrepreneurs. In this paper, we aim to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected small dairy farms in the megacity of Bengaluru, India, where they supply a high share of the milk demand. In 2020 a total of 129 farms were visited before the first lockdown (January to March) and interviewed again after the lockdown had been loosened (August to September). Questions addressed feed supply to dairy cows, milk yield and marketing, and coping strategies for lockdown impacts. Results showed that the share of farmers not feeding concentrates increased from 1% before lockdown to 7% afterward ( p < 0.05), and those not offering dry forages increased from 20% to 33% ( p < 0.05) due to increasing forage prices. Milk yield dropped in all surveyed farms from 3905 L before to 2861 L after lockdown ( p < 0.05) due to the sale of 30% of lactating cows across the farms. Enabling farmers to better cope with shocks through feed storage and by processing their surplus milk into durable products should be prioritised by supporting institutions such as dairy cooperatives. Alternatively, insurance schemes can capacitate farmers to maintain a fresh milk supply to urban consumers in the wake of global challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Shahin Alam & Eva Schlecht & Marion Reichenbach, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Small-Scale Dairy Enterprises in an Indian Megacity—Insights from Greater Bengaluru," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2057-:d:747053
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2057/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2057/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Editorial, 2020. "Covid-19 and Climate Change," Journal, Review of Agrarian Studies, vol. 10(1), pages 5-6, January-J.
    2. Ana Pinto & Tong Yin & Marion Reichenbach & Raghavendra Bhatta & Eva Schlecht & Sven König, 2020. "Phenotypic Dairy Cattle Trait Expressions in Dependency of Social-Ecological Characteristics along Rural–Urban Gradients," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Harini Nagendra & Xuemei Bai & Eduardo S. Brondizio & Shuaib Lwasa, 2018. "The urban south and the predicament of global sustainability," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(7), pages 341-349, July.
    4. Zakir Hussain & Markus Hanisch, 2014. "Dynamics of peri-urban agricultural development and farmers' adaptive behaviour in the emerging megacity of Hyderabad, India," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(4), pages 495-515, April.
    5. Kaifang Shi & Yun Chen & Bailang Yu & Tingbao Xu & Linyi Li & Chang Huang & Rui Liu & Zuoqi Chen & Jianping Wu, 2016. "Urban Expansion and Agricultural Land Loss in China: A Multiscale Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Kumar, Pavan & Singh, S.S. & Pandey, A.K. & Singh, Ram Kumar & Srivastava, Prashant Kumar & Kumar, Manoj & Dubey, Shantanu Kumar & Sah, Uma & Nandan, Rajiv & Singh, Susheel Kumar & Agrawal, Priyanshi , 2021. "Multi-level impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on agricultural systems in India: The case of Uttar Pradesh," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    7. Alfons Weersink & Mike von Massow & Brendan McDougall, 2020. "Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(2), pages 195-200, June.
    8. Joanna Brzeska & Mousumi Das & Shenggen Fan, 2015. "Social protection for poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged groups," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 7(4), pages 668-687, November.
    9. Provost, Jennifer & Rosero, Gabriel & Brümmer, Bernhard & Schlecht, Eva, 2022. "To sell, not to sell, or to quit: Exploring milk producers’ approaches after a supply chain disruption in Northwest Cameroon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    10. Aditya, K.S. & Khan, T., 2018. "Adoption of crop insurance and impact: insights from India," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 31(2).
    11. Tesfaye, Agajie & Habte, Yetimwork & Minten, Bart, 2020. "COVID-19 is shifting consumption and disrupting dairy value chains in Ethiopia," IFPRI book chapters, in: COVID-19 and global food security, chapter 9, pages 42-45, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nana Liu & Zeshui Xu & Marinko Skare, 2021. "The research on COVID-19 and economy from 2019 to 2020: analysis from the perspective of bibliometrics," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(2), pages 217-268, June.
    2. Rimjhim M. Aggarwal & LaDawn Haglund, 2019. "Advancing Water Sustainability in Megacities: Comparative Study of São Paulo and Delhi Using a Social-Ecological System Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Remme, Roy P. & Meacham, Megan & Pellowe, Kara E. & Andersson, Erik & Guerry, Anne D. & Janke, Benjamin & Liu, Lingling & Lonsdorf, Eric & Li, Meng & Mao, Yuanyuan & Nootenboom, Christopher & Wu, Tong, 2024. "Aligning nature-based solutions with ecosystem services in the urban century," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    4. Andrea Baranzini & Stefano Carattini & Linda Tesauro, 2021. "Designing Effective and Acceptable Road Pricing Schemes: Evidence from the Geneva Congestion Charge," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 79(3), pages 417-482, July.
    5. Robert J. R. Elliott & Ingmar Schumacher & Cees Withagen, 2020. "Suggestions for a Covid-19 Post-Pandemic Research Agenda in Environmental Economics," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 1187-1213, August.
    6. Ana Pinto & Tong Yin & Marion Reichenbach & Raghavendra Bhatta & Pradeep Kumar Malik & Eva Schlecht & Sven König, 2020. "Enteric Methane Emissions of Dairy Cattle Considering Breed Composition, Pasture Management, Housing Conditions and Feeding Characteristics along a Rural-Urban Gradient in a Rising Megacity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Patrycja Klusak & Matthew Agarwala & Matt Burke & Moritz Kraemer & Kamiar Mohaddes, 2023. "Rising Temperatures, Falling Ratings: The Effect of Climate Change on Sovereign Creditworthiness," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(12), pages 7468-7491, December.
    8. Francine Mestrum, 2020. "Universal Social Protection and Health Care as a Social Common," Development, Palgrave Macmillan;Society for International Deveopment, vol. 63(2), pages 238-243, December.
    9. David Klenert & Franziska Funke & Linus Mattauch & Brian O’Callaghan, 2020. "Five Lessons from COVID-19 for Advancing Climate Change Mitigation," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 751-778, August.
    10. Susan Aaronson, 2021. "Can Trade Agreements Solve the Wicked Problem of Disinformation," Working Papers 2021-12, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy.
    11. Nguyen, Minh-Hoang & Vuong, Quan-Hoang, 2020. "The third finding concerning a missing cultural value: a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science," OSF Preprints jbcx3, Center for Open Science.
    12. Veerkamp, Clara J. & Schipper, Aafke M. & Hedlund, Katarina & Lazarova, Tanya & Nordin, Amanda & Hanson, Helena I., 2021. "A review of studies assessing ecosystem services provided by urban green and blue infrastructure," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    13. Zeynep Clulow & Michele Ferguson & Peta Ashworth & David Reiner, 2021. "Political ideology and public views of the energy transition in Australia and the UK," Working Papers EPRG2106, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    14. Nestor Goicoechea & Luis María Abadie, 2021. "Optimal Slow Steaming Speed for Container Ships under the EU Emission Trading System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.
    15. Anna Zaręba & Alicja Krzemińska & Renata Kozik, 2021. "Urban Vertical Farming as an Example of Nature-Based Solutions Supporting a Healthy Society Living in the Urban Environment," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, October.
    16. Timothy J. Garrett & Matheus R. Grasselli & Stephen Keen, 2020. "Past production constrains current energy demands: persistent scaling in global energy consumption and implications for climate change mitigation," Papers 2006.03718, arXiv.org.
    17. Soumya Gupta & Payal Seth & Mathew Abraham & Prabhu Pingali, 2022. "COVID-19 and women's nutrition security: panel data evidence from rural India," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 39(1), pages 157-184, April.
    18. Luo, Shihua & Hu, Weihao & Liu, Wen & Liu, Zhou & Huang, Qi & Chen, Zhe, 2022. "Flexibility enhancement measures under the COVID-19 pandemic – A preliminary comparative analysis in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sichuan of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    19. Agarwala, Matthew & Burke, Matt & Klusak, Patrycja & Mohaddes, Kamiar & Volz, Ulrich & Zenghelis, Dimitri, 2021. "Climate Change And Fiscal Sustainability: Risks And Opportunities," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 258, pages 28-46, November.
    20. Deng, Taotao & Wang, Dandan & Hu, Yukun & Liu, Shuang, 2020. "Did high-speed railway cause urban space expansion? ——Empirical evidence from China's prefecture-level cities," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2057-:d:747053. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.