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Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro

Author

Listed:
  • Yasir Basheer

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Asad Waqar

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Saeed Mian Qaisar

    (College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah 22332, Saudi Arabia
    Communication and Signal Processing Lab, Energy and Technology Center, Effat University, Jeddah 22332, Saudi Arabia)

  • Toqeer Ahmed

    (Digital Pakistan and CureMD Research Lab, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
    Centre of Advanced Electronics and Photonics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Nasim Ullah

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sattam Alotaibi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy-intensive industries in the world. Most of the cost of producing cement is accounted for in terms of fuel consumption and power expenditure. Thermal power plants are a significant contributor to electricity generation in countries such as Pakistan. They are, however, inherently inefficient, and environmentally unfriendly. In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility of delivering hybrid energy to Pakistani cement plants. Five cement plants—Askari Cement Plant, Wah (ACPW); Bestway Cement Plant, Kalar Kahar (BCPKK); Bestway Cement Plant, Farooqia (BCPF); Bestway Cement Plant, Hattar (BCPH); and DG Cement Plant, Chakwal (DGCPC)—were selected. The possibility of implementing the four off-grid hybrid energy models (HEMs) was investigated for the intended cement plants, using HOMER Pro software. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was carried out, based on objectives including the net present cost (NPC), the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. HEM-1 was comprised of PV, converter, and a fuel cell. HEM-2 had only a diesel generator, and acted as a base case in this study. HEM-3 had solar panels and a battery-converter system. In HEM-4, diesel generators, PV, and converters were considered. Based on the NPC, the optimal model was HEM-4, having a 0.249 USD/KWh LCOE in islanded systems. The NPC and operating costs were USD 540 M and USD 32.5 M per year, respectively, with a 29.80% reduction in the CO 2 emissions compared to the base case. Based on the GHG emission, HEM-1 and HEM-3 were the best models, with 0% GHG emissions. The results confirmed that the proposed HEMs can sustainably provide electricity for 24 h a day to the sites under consideration, with minimum objectives.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasir Basheer & Asad Waqar & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Toqeer Ahmed & Nasim Ullah & Sattam Alotaibi, 2022. "Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:12440-:d:929606
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    1. Ilunga Kajila Rice & Hanhua Zhu & Cunquan Zhang & Arnauld Robert Tapa, 2023. "A Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel System for Off-Grid Applications in Lubumbashi, DR Congo: A HOMER Pro Modeling and Optimization Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Muhammad Sharjeel Ali & Syed Umaid Ali & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Asad Waqar & Faheem Haroon & Ahmad Alzahrani, 2022. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Supply to Gwadar, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, December.
    3. Rania M. Ghoniem & Ali Alahmer & Hegazy Rezk & Samer As’ad, 2023. "Optimal Design and Sizing of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Electrical Power System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.

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