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Integrated Sustainable Energy for Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Machinga Boma in Malawi

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  • Juliana O. Eko

    (James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK)

  • Manosh C. Paul

    (James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK)

Abstract

Nearly 60% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa still live without access to electricity. Comparing the access rate of the countries in the region, Malawi ranks as one of the least electrified, with electricity available to only 14.6% of its population, as of 2018. This issue makes Malawi the case study of this research and poses the research question, “How can the low electricity access rate in Malawi be addressed?”. To address this research question, possible off grid, integrated, sustainable energy systems based on locally available energy resources—solar, wind, and diesel—are proposed. The multiyear and sensitivity analysis function of HOMER Pro microgrid simulation software is used to analyze the off grid performance of the proposed combinations of diesel generators, wind turbines, solar Photovoltaics, and battery storage, in providing power for an estimate of 400 households and nonresidential outlets in Machinga Boma, a community in the Southern region of Malawi. Based on the analysis, the Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Genset/battery system combination consisting of 750 kWp solar Photovoltaic array, 460 kW (575 kVA) diesel generator and 3000 kWh nominal capacity battery bank is shown to be the most optimal system, with an overall energy cost of $0.339/kWh. Under the imposed design constraints and the sensitivity analysis performed to analyze the impact of changing the base fuel price, varying load growth, changing solar irradiation, and wind levels on the system performance, the most optimal system remained the preferred system choice.

Suggested Citation

  • Juliana O. Eko & Manosh C. Paul, 2021. "Integrated Sustainable Energy for Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Machinga Boma in Malawi," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6330-:d:649675
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jamiu Omotayo Oladigbolu & Makbul A. M. Ramli & Yusuf A. Al-Turki, 2019. "Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analyses for an Optimal Hybrid Power System Which Is Adaptable and Effective for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-25, September.
    2. Zalengera, Collen & Blanchard, Richard E. & Eames, Philip C. & Juma, Alnord M. & Chitawo, Maxon L. & Gondwe, Kondwani T., 2014. "Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis for sustainable development of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 335-347.
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    4. Nacer, T. & Hamidat, A. & Nadjemi, O. & Bey, M., 2016. "Feasibility study of grid connected photovoltaic system in family farms for electricity generation in rural areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 305-318.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    2. Senthilarasu Sundaram & Manosh C. Paul & Yasser Mahmoudi, 2022. "Research on Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-3, January.
    3. Yasir Basheer & Asad Waqar & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Toqeer Ahmed & Nasim Ullah & Sattam Alotaibi, 2022. "Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    4. Ali Saleh Aziz & Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin & Tekai Eddine Khalil Zidane & Chun-Lien Su & Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud & Mohammed J. Alwazzan & Ali Jawad Kadhim Alrubaie, 2022. "Design and Optimization of a Grid-Connected Solar Energy System: Study in Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-29, July.

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