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Environmental Impacts of End-of-Life Options of Biobased and Fossil-Based Polyethylene Terephthalate and High-Density Polyethylene Packaging

Author

Listed:
  • Roel J. K. Helmes

    (Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, Pr. Beatrixlaan 582-528, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Pietro Goglio

    (Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, Pr. Beatrixlaan 582-528, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Silvia Salomoni

    (Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, Pr. Beatrixlaan 582-528, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Daan S. van Es

    (Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Iris Vural Gursel

    (Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Lusine Aramyan

    (Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, Pr. Beatrixlaan 582-528, 2595 BM The Hague, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Plastic waste production increasingly causes environmental pollution. However, end-of-life (EoL) research often lacks detail and timeliness and fails to integrate the end-of-life option into a product’s life cycle in a systemic perspective. This study addresses these knowledge gaps, by applying an improved anticipatory consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Reuse, mechanical and chemical recycling options were compared for (biobased and fossil-based) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic shampoo bottles in the European context using three types of impact categories: climate change, fossil resource scarcity and mineral resources scarcity. The completeness and detail of EoL were increased by modelling the polymer reprocessing within the collection system including all transport distances, while timeliness was improved by implementing the data applicable for the time of implementation of EoL options in the future. The results show that the reuse option has the largest benefits on climate change impact, and on fossil and mineral resource scarcity for both HDPE and PET, for both biobased and fossil plastics. Furthermore, all EoL options cause a net reduction in all climate change, fossil and mineral resource scarcity thanks to the avoided impact of virgin plastic. Finally, the improved LCA approach, utilized in this study, includes plastic production, use and EoL in one assessment, and thus can provide valuable information for adjusting policy and regulations for plastic manufacturers in their production of new virgin plastic polymer, as it requires alignment with its use and EoL options.

Suggested Citation

  • Roel J. K. Helmes & Pietro Goglio & Silvia Salomoni & Daan S. van Es & Iris Vural Gursel & Lusine Aramyan, 2022. "Environmental Impacts of End-of-Life Options of Biobased and Fossil-Based Polyethylene Terephthalate and High-Density Polyethylene Packaging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11550-:d:915323
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    References listed on IDEAS

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