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MgO Nano-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Coconut Oil and Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Grasshopper Optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Impha Yalagudige Dharmegowda

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Kushalnagara 571234, India)

  • Lakshmidevamma Madarakallu Muniyappa

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Kushalnagara 571234, India
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Challakere 577522, India)

  • Parameshwara Siddalingaiah

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNN College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shivamogga 577204, India)

  • Ajith Bintravalli Suresh

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mangalore 575007, India)

  • Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shivamogga 577204, India)

  • Chander Prakash

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
    Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India)

Abstract

In India, a densely populated country, fossil fuel depletion affects the energy sector that fulfils the industrial and human needs. Concerning greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, and sustainability, there is a great demand to search for alternate feedstocks to produce alternate fuels at a low cost. The present work focuses on waste coconut and fish oil as potential inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. Two-stage transesterification processes for biodiesel production from hybrid oils mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio by employing solid nano-catalyst Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of the physics of transesterification variables, such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio (M:O), MgO catalyst concentration (MgO CC), and reaction temperature (RT), on biodiesel yield, based on experimental data gathered in accordance with the matrices of central composite design (CCD). MgO CC showed the highest contribution, followed by M:O and RT, to maximize biodiesel yield. All interaction factors showed a significant effect except the M:O with RT. Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) determined optimal conditions (M:O: 10.65; MgO CC: 1.977 wt.%; RT: 80 °C) based on empirical equations, resulting in maximum biodiesel yield conversion experimentally equal to 96.8%. The physical stability of the MgO nano-catalyst and reactivity up to 5 successive cycles can yield 91.5% biodiesel yield, demonstrating its reusability for sustainable biodiesel production at low cost. The optimized biodiesel yield showed better physicochemical properties (tested according to ASTM D6751-15C) to use practically in diesel engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Impha Yalagudige Dharmegowda & Lakshmidevamma Madarakallu Muniyappa & Parameshwara Siddalingaiah & Ajith Bintravalli Suresh & Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa & Chander Prakash, 2022. "MgO Nano-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Coconut Oil and Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Grasshopper Optimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11132-:d:907825
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