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Environmental Performance of Oxidized Kraft Lignin-Based Products

Author

Listed:
  • Neethi Rajagopalan

    (Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Thor Park 831, 3600 Genk, Belgium)

  • Iris Winberg

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

  • Olesya Fearon

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

  • Giuseppe Cardellini

    (Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Thor Park 831, 3600 Genk, Belgium)

  • Tiina Liitia

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
    Kemira Oy, Research and Development Center, Luoteisrinne 2, FI-02270 Espoo, Finland)

  • Anna Kalliola

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

Bio-based products can help us to reach sustainability goals and reduce our dependency on fossil-based raw materials. Lignin is an abundantly available bio-based material. Recently, a concept of an alkali–O 2 oxidation (LigniOx) process for feasibly producing lignin dispersants at a kraft pulp mill has been introduced. The oxidation process uses O 2 gas to increase the anionic charge of lignin and the final oxidized lignin can serve as a concrete plasticizer or versatile dispersant. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool widely used to holistically evaluate the environmental benefits of various products. The goal of this study was to evaluate the versatility of the novel lignin dispersants produced from kraft lignin and to compare the environmental performance with the synthetic products using an attributional cradle-to-gate LCA. Results showed that LigniOx impacts were lower than synthetic equivalents for both the end uses—superplasticizer and dispersants—in most of the impact categories. The only negative impact was on eutrophication that arises from fly ash purging at the kraft pulping process even without the integrated LigniOx production. In addition, the production of LigniOx lignin appeared to be more attractive than conventionally recovered kraft-lignin. LigniOx contributed minimally to the total impacts with the majority of impacts arising from the kraft pulping process.

Suggested Citation

  • Neethi Rajagopalan & Iris Winberg & Olesya Fearon & Giuseppe Cardellini & Tiina Liitia & Anna Kalliola, 2022. "Environmental Performance of Oxidized Kraft Lignin-Based Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10897-:d:903396
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chinchu Cherian & Sumi Siddiqua, 2019. "Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Daniel B. Müller & Hans‐Peter Bader & Peter Baccini, 2004. "Long‐term Coordination of Timber Production and Consumption Using a Dynamic Material and Energy Flow Analysis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 8(3), pages 65-88, July.
    3. Dessbesell, Luana & Paleologou, Michael & Leitch, Mathew & Pulkki, Reino & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2020. "Global lignin supply overview and kraft lignin potential as an alternative for petroleum-based polymers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
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