IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i13p7539-d843839.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatial Distribution and Land Development Parameters of Shopping Centers Based on GIS Analysis: A Case Study on Kraków, Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Rafał Blazy

    (Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Rita Łabuz

    (Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The progressive development of shopping centers in the world affects the urban structure of cities. These facilities are constantly evolving, which also entails changes in the way their vicinity is shaped. In this context, this article deals with the trend in the way of locating and developing shopping center areas, showing the changes taking place over the years. The subject of investigations are the areas of Kraków’s shopping centers—their spatial distribution and the way the land is developed. The aim of the research was to characterize and assess the spatial development of the analyzed shopping centers, to determine the trends in the location and characteristic urban indicators. This made it possible to verify whether possible changes in the way new investments of this type are shaped should be sought in order to improve the quality of the urban environment. To assess the spatial distribution of shopping centers, standard deviation ellipse analysis was used, as well as the nearest neighbor method. In order to determine the parameters of development of shopping centers, basic urban indicators were used, i.e., building plot ratio (BPR), floor area ratio (FAR), and green plot ratio (GPR). Spatial analysis was performed using QGIS software. Studies have shown that brownfield investments are scattered along the north–south axis of the city, while greenfield investments are located at a greater distance from its central area. Over the years, there has been a gradual concentration of shopping centers, but they are still characterized by dispersion. The results of analyses of changes in the land development of their areas indicate that over the years there has been an imperceptible trend of creating objects occupying an increasing part of the investment plot. In turn, the share of total leaf area of greenery is slightly reduced. With the increase in distance from the city center, indicators regarding the floor area and gross floor area of shopping centers are clearly decreasing. On the other hand, the share of greenery increases mildly, although this index remains at a level not exceeding 20%. These results indicate the need to take action to enforce a greater share of greenery within the areas of shopping centers and the need to care for the quality of their surroundings in order to ensure sustainable spatial development of the city.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafał Blazy & Rita Łabuz, 2022. "Spatial Distribution and Land Development Parameters of Shopping Centers Based on GIS Analysis: A Case Study on Kraków, Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7539-:d:843839
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/7539/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/7539/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pommerening, Arne & Szmyt, Janusz & Zhang, Gongqiao, 2020. "A new nearest-neighbour index for monitoring spatial size diversity: The hyperbolic tangent index," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 435(C).
    2. Ozhan Ertekin & Vedia Dokmeci & Tuba Unlukara & Evren Ozus, 2008. "Spatial Distribution of Shopping Malls and Analysis of their Trade Areas in Istanbul," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 143-156, January.
    3. Green, T.L., 2018. "Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 299-319.
    4. Lowry, James R., 1997. "The life cycle of shopping centers," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 77-86.
    5. Tatsuhito Kono & Takayuki Kaneko & Hisa Morisugi, 2010. "Necessity of minimum floor area ratio regulation: a second-best policy," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 44(3), pages 523-539, June.
    6. Padilla, Armando Ortuño & Blanco, Jairo Casares, 2020. "Shopping centre clusters: Competition or synergies? The case of the region of murcia (Spain)," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Michael Greenberg & Karen Lowrie & Henry Mayer & K. Tyler Miller & Laura Solitare, 2001. "Brownfield redevelopment as a smart growth option in the United States," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 129-143, June.
    8. Tonin, Stefania & Bonifaci, Pietro, 2020. "Assessment of brownfield redevelopment opportunities using a multi-tiered approach: A case in Italy," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    9. Gesler, Wil, 1986. "The uses of spatial analysis in medical geography: A review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 23(10), pages 963-973, January.
    10. Alberto Longo & Danny Campbell, 2017. "The Determinants of Brownfields Redevelopment in England," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 67(2), pages 261-283, June.
    11. Liu, Yilun & Zhu, A-Xing & Wang, Jingli & Li, Wenkai & Hu, Guohua & Hu, Yueming, 2019. "Land-use decision support in brownfield redevelopment for urban renewal based on crowdsourced data and a presence-and-background learning (PBL) method," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yimeng Wu & Zhendong Wang & Hao Wang, 2023. "Vertical Greenery Systems in Commercial Complexes: Development of an Evaluation Guideline," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Kinga Rybak-Niedziółka, 2022. "The Origin of the Crisis in the Spatial Development of Contemporary Cities: A Review of Selected Historical and Modern Mechanisms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Sanda Marioara Naș & Mircea Vasile Bondrea & Virgil Mihai Rădulescu & Raluca Gâlgău & Ioel Samuel Vereș & Raluca Bondrea & Adrian Traian Rădulescu, 2023. "The Use of UAVs for Land Use Planning of Brownfield Regeneration Projects-Case Study: Former Brick Factory, Cluj Napoca, Romania," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Siwei Chen & Zhonghua Gou, 2022. "An Investigation of Green Roof Spatial Distribution and Incentive Policies Using Green Buildings as a Benchmark," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    5. Andreas Heinrich Hengstermann & Mathias Jehling, 2023. "Understanding Private Preferences in Urban Development—Analysing Spatial Patterns of Food Discount Stores Locations in Switzerland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, March.
    6. Haocong Wang & Kening Wu & Zhe Feng & Huafu Zhao & Hua Ai & Chao Meng, 2023. "Evaluation of Urban Commercial Land Use Intensification Based on Land Parcels: Taking Wuxi City as an Example," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina & Dagmara Adamkiewicz & Bartłomiej Szewczyk & Olga Kania, 2022. "Decision-Making Support for Housing Projects in Post-Industrial Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Oriyomi Modupe Okeyinka & Rana Khan & Chaminda Pathirage & Charf El Dine Mahammedi & Antony West, 2023. "A Critical Review of Developers’ Decision Criteria for Brownfield Regeneration: Development of the BRIC Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    3. Heng Zhang & Guiwen Liu & Qingye Han & Gong Chen, 2022. "Mapping the Barriers of Utilizing Public Private Partnership into Brownfield Remediation Projects in the Public Land Ownership," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Ahmad, Naveed & Zhu, Yuming & Hongli, Lin & Karamat, Jawad & Waqas, Muhammad & Taskheer Mumtaz, Syed Muhammad, 2020. "Mapping the obstacles to brownfield redevelopment adoption in developing economies: Pakistani Perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Meng Chen & Hechi Wang & Zhanfang Hu & Qi Zhou & Liang Zhao, 2024. "Heritage Regeneration Models for Traditional Courtyard Houses in a Northern Chinese City (Jinan) in the Context of Urban Renewal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-25, September.
    6. Jeffrey Zabel, 2007. "The Impact of Imperfect Information on the Transactions of Contaminated Properties," NCEE Working Paper Series 200703, National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, revised Jan 2007.
    7. Lucia Gibilaro & Gianluca Mattarocci, 2019. "Brownfield Areas and Housing Value: Evidence from Milan," Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 60-83, January.
    8. Sanjeev Prashar & Harvinder Singh & Chandan Parsad & T. Sai Vijay, 2017. "Predicting Indian Shoppers’ Malls Loyalty Behaviour," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 42(4), pages 234-250, December.
    9. Bereket Yakob & Busisiwe Purity Ncama, 2016. "Correlates of perceived access and implications for health system strengthening – lessons from HIV/AIDS treatment and care services in Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Lin Jiang & Yani Lai & Ke Chen & Xiao Tang, 2022. "What Drives Urban Village Redevelopment in China? A Survey of Literature Based on Web of Science Core Collection Database," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.
    11. Perić Ana, 2016. "Institutional Cooperation in the Brownfield Regeneration Process: Experiences from Central and Eastern European Countries," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 23(1), pages 21-46, June.
    12. Cao, Kexin & Deng, Yu & Wang, Wenxue & Liu, Shenghe, 2023. "The spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of land redevelopment: Evidence from 287 Chinese cities," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    13. Squires, Graham & Hutchison, Norman, 2021. "Barriers to affordable housing on brownfield sites," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    14. Tikoudis, Ioannis & Verhoef, Erik T. & van Ommeren, Jos N., 2018. "Second-best urban tolls in a monocentric city with housing market regulations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 117(PA), pages 342-359.
    15. Nyuying Wang & Oleg Golubchikov & Wei Chen & Zhigao Liu, 2020. "The Hybrid Spatialities of Post-Industrial Beijing: Communism, Neoliberalism, and Brownfield Redevelopment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
    16. Takayama, Yuki & Kuwahara, Masao, 2017. "Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 65-79.
    17. Alina Maciejewska & Łukasz Kuzak & Marianna Ulanicka-Raczyńska & Kamil Moreau, 2022. "Land Management Using Land Reserves to Alleviate Emergencies on the Example of Warsaw," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    18. Sumaira Zafar & Oleg Shipin & Richard E. Paul & Joacim Rocklöv & Ubydul Haque & Md. Siddikur Rahman & Mayfong Mayxay & Chamsai Pientong & Sirinart Aromseree & Petchaboon Poolphol & Tiengkham Pongvongs, 2021. "Development and Comparison of Dengue Vulnerability Indices Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Lao PDR and Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-25, September.
    19. Jan K. Brueckner & Shihe Fu & Yizhen Gu & Junfu Zhang, 2017. "Measuring the Stringency of Land Use Regulation: The Case of China's Building Height Limits," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(4), pages 663-677, July.
    20. Jihong Li & Kaiming Li & Rongxu Qiu, 2022. "The Suburbanization and Revitalization of Industrial Land in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7539-:d:843839. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.