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Weed Communities in Winter Wheat: Responses to Cropping Systems under Different Climatic Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Tim Seipel

    (Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA)

  • Suzanne L. Ishaq

    (School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA)

  • Christian Larson

    (Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA)

  • Fabian D. Menalled

    (Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA)

Abstract

Understanding the impact of biological and environmental stressors on cropping systems is essential to secure the long-term sustainability of agricultural production in the face of unprecedented climatic conditions. This study evaluated the effect of increased soil temperature and reduced moisture across three contrasting cropping systems: a no-till chemically managed system, a tilled organic system, and an organic system that used grazing to reduce tillage intensity. Results showed that while cropping system characteristics represent a major driver in structuring weed communities, the short-term impact of changes in temperature and moisture conditions appear to be more subtle. Weed community responses to temperature and moisture manipulations differed across variables: while biomass, species richness, and Simpson’s diversity estimates were not affected by temperature and moisture conditions, we observed a minor but significant shift in weed community composition. Higher weed biomass was recorded in the grazed/reduced-till organic system compared with the tilled-organic and no-till chemically managed systems. Weed communities in the two organic systems were more diverse than in the no-till conventional system, but an increased abundance in perennial species such as Cirsium arvense and Taraxacum officinale in the grazed/reduced-till organic system could hinder the adoption of integrated crop-livestock production tactics. Species composition of the no-till conventional weed communities showed low species richness and diversity, and was encompassed in the grazed/reduced-till organic communities. The weed communities of the no-till conventional and grazed/reduced-till organic systems were distinct from the tilled organic community, underscoring the effect that tillage has on the assembly of weed communities. Results highlight the importance of understanding the ecological mechanisms structuring weed communities, and integrating multiple tactics to reduce off-farm inputs while managing weeds.

Suggested Citation

  • Tim Seipel & Suzanne L. Ishaq & Christian Larson & Fabian D. Menalled, 2022. "Weed Communities in Winter Wheat: Responses to Cropping Systems under Different Climatic Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6880-:d:831877
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Subodh Adhikari & Fabian D. Menalled, 2018. "Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Bruna Irene Grimberg & Selena Ahmed & Colter Ellis & Zachariah Miller & Fabian Menalled, 2018. "Climate Change Perceptions and Observations of Agricultural Stakeholders in the Northern Great Plains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Peterson, Caitlin A. & Eviner, Valerie T. & Gaudin, Amélie C.M., 2018. "Ways forward for resilience research in agroecosystems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 19-27.
    4. Fabian D. Menalled & Robert K. D. Peterson & Richard G. Smith & William S. Curran & David J. Páez & Bruce D. Maxwell, 2016. "The Eco-Evolutionary Imperative: Revisiting Weed Management in the Midst of an Herbicide Resistance Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, December.
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