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The Influence of Different Degradation Characteristics on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Silicon Photovoltaics: A Threefold Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sina Herceg

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, 79112 Freiburg, Germany
    Material Flow Management and Resource Economy, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Ismail Kaaya

    (EnergyVille, Imo-Imomec, Thor Park, 3001 Genk, Belgium
    Imec, Imo-Imomec, Thor Park, 3001 Genk, Belgium
    Imo-Imomec, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium)

  • Julián Ascencio-Vásquez

    (Envision Digital, Redwood City, CA 94065, USA
    ASVA Consulting, 38650 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)

  • Marie Fischer

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, 79112 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Karl-Anders Weiß

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, 79112 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Liselotte Schebek

    (Material Flow Management and Resource Economy, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

Abstract

The environmental footprint of photovoltaic electricity is usually assessed using nominated power or life cycle energy output. If performance degradation is considered, a linear reduction in lifetime energy output is assumed. However, research has shown that the decrease in energy output over time does not necessarily follow a linear degradation pattern but can vary at different points in the module’s lifetime. Further, photovoltaic modules follow different degradation patterns in different climate zones. In this study, we address the influence of different degradation aspects on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of PV electricity. Firstly, we apply different non-linear degradation scenarios to evaluate the GHG emissions and show that the differences in GHG emissions in comparison to a linear degradation can be up to 6.0%. Secondly, we use the ERA5 dataset generated by the ECMWF to calculate location-dependent degradation rates and apply them to estimate the location-specific GHG emissions. Due to the reduction in lifetime energy output, there is a direct correlation between the calculated degradation rate and GHG emissions. Thirdly, we assess the impact of climate change on degradation rates and on the respective GHG emissions of photovoltaic electricity using different climate change scenarios. In a best-case scenario, the GHG emissions are estimated to increase by around 5% until the year 2100 and by around 105% by 2100 for a worst-case scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Sina Herceg & Ismail Kaaya & Julián Ascencio-Vásquez & Marie Fischer & Karl-Anders Weiß & Liselotte Schebek, 2022. "The Influence of Different Degradation Characteristics on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Silicon Photovoltaics: A Threefold Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5843-:d:813445
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julián Ascencio-Vásquez & Ismail Kaaya & Kristijan Brecl & Karl-Anders Weiss & Marko Topič, 2019. "Global Climate Data Processing and Mapping of Degradation Mechanisms and Degradation Rates of PV Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Rajput, Pramod & Tiwari, G.N. & Sastry, O.S., 2017. "Thermal modelling with experimental validation and economic analysis of mono crystalline silicon photovoltaic module on the basis of degradation study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 731-739.
    3. Pramod Rajput & Maria Malvoni & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & O. S. Sastry & Arunkumar Jayakumar, 2020. "Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmental–Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, February.
    4. Bouaichi, Abdellatif & Alami Merrouni, Ahmed & Hajjaj, Charaf & Messaoudi, Choukri & Ghennioui, Abdellatif & Benlarabi, Ahmed & Ikken, Badr & El Amrani, Aumeur & Zitouni, Houssin, 2019. "In-situ evaluation of the early PV module degradation of various technologies under harsh climatic conditions: The case of Morocco," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1500-1518.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jordan, Dirk C. & Hansen, Clifford, 2023. "Clear-sky detection for PV degradation analysis using multiple regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 393-400.

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    Keywords

    LCA; GHG; photovoltaic; degradation; ERA5; climate change;
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