IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i6p3361-d519643.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sport Fans’ Price Sensitivity Based on Loyalty Levels: A Case of Korean Professional Baseball League

Author

Listed:
  • Jung-Sup Bae

    (Division of Academic Affairs, Glocal Campus, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea)

  • Weisheng Chiu

    (Lee Shau Kee School of Business and Administration, The Open University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China)

  • Sang-Back Nam

    (Division of Sport Science, Hanyang University-ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Korea)

Abstract

For the sustainable development of the Korean Professional Baseball League (a.k.a., KBO League), it is critical to propose profitable and efficient pricing strategies for each team in the KBO League. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand KBO League fans’ perceptions of price sensitivity. More specifically, this study explored how fans’ perceptions of price sensitivity and latitude of price acceptance vary between different loyalty groups. A total of 213 valid responses were recruited from KBO League fans by using a convenience sampling approach. As a result, based on the levels of attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, fans were classified into four categories: loyal fans, latent fans, spurious fans, and indifferent fans. Moreover, loyal fans were found to be less sensitive to the ticket price increase of different levels (i.e., 10%, 20%, and 30%), followed by latent fans, spurious fans, and indifferent fans. Meanwhile, loyal fans have the highest level of the latitude of price acceptance, followed by latent fans, spurious fan, and indifferent fans. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of sport fans’ responses to the change of ticket price and their perceptions of the accepted price range. Meanwhile, this study offers practical implications for marketers of KBO League teams to develop tailored pricing strategies for their fans by considering different loyalty levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Jung-Sup Bae & Weisheng Chiu & Sang-Back Nam, 2021. "Sport Fans’ Price Sensitivity Based on Loyalty Levels: A Case of Korean Professional Baseball League," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3361-:d:519643
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3361/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3361/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zheng, Xuemei & Li, Cao & Fang, Xingming & Zhang, Ning, 2021. "Price sensitivity and consumers’ support for renewable energy in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    2. Labandeira, Xavier & Labeaga, José M. & López-Otero, Xiral, 2017. "A meta-analysis on the price elasticity of energy demand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 549-568.
    3. Duarte, Fabian, 2012. "Price elasticity of expenditure across health care services," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 824-841.
    4. Stephen L. Shapiro & Joris Drayer, 2014. "An examination of dynamic ticket pricing and secondary market price determinants in Major League Baseball," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 145-159, April.
    5. Dinopoulos, Elias & Kalyvitis, Sarantis & Katsimi, Margarita, 2020. "Variable export price elasticity, product quality, and credit constraints: Theory and evidence from Greek firms," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    6. Huang, Ava & Dawes, John & Lockshin, Larry & Greenacre, Luke, 2017. "Consumer response to price changes in higher-priced brands," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-10.
    7. Stock, Ruth, 2005. "Can Customer Satisfaction Decrease Price Sensitivity in Business-to-Business Markets?," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 60480, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    8. Graciola, Ana Paula & De Toni, Deonir & de Lima, Vinicius Zanchet & Milan, Gabriel Sperandio, 2018. "Does price sensitivity and price level influence store price image and repurchase intention in retail markets?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 201-213.
    9. Casado, Esteban & Ferrer, Juan-Carlos, 2013. "Consumer price sensitivity in the retail industry: Latitude of acceptance with heterogeneous demand," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 418-426.
    10. Karacuka, Mehmet & Haucap, Justus & Heimeshoff, Ulrich, 2011. "Competition in Turkish mobile telecommunications markets: Price elasticities and network substitution," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 202-210, March.
    11. Hsu, Chia-Lin & Chang, Chi-Ya & Yansritakul, Chutinart, 2017. "Exploring purchase intention of green skincare products using the theory of planned behavior: Testing the moderating effects of country of origin and price sensitivity," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 145-152.
    12. Andreyeva, T. & Long, M.W. & Brownell, K.D., 2010. "The impact of food prices on consumption: A systematic review of research on the price elasticity of demand for food," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 216-222.
    13. Stock, Ruth, 2005. "Can Customer Satisfaction Decrease Price Sensitivity in Business-to-Business Markets?," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 35541, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    14. Stephen L. Shapiro & Lamar Reams & Kevin Kam Fung So, 2019. "Is it worth the price? The role of perceived financial risk, identification, and perceived value in purchasing pay-per-view broadcasts of combat sports," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(2), pages 235-246, April.
    15. Joris Drayer & Daniel A. Rascher & Chad D. McEvoy, 2012. "An examination of underlying consumer demand and sport pricing using secondary market data," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(4), pages 448-460, October.
    16. Koen Pauwels & Shuba Srinivasan & Philip Hans Franses, 2007. "When Do Price Thresholds Matter in Retail Categories?," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(1), pages 83-100, 01-02.
    17. Shapiro, Stephen L. & Reams, Lamar & So, Kevin Kam Fung, 2019. "Is it worth the price? The role of perceived financial risk, identification, and perceived value in purchasing pay-per-view broadcasts of combat sports," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 235-246.
    18. Funk, Daniel C. & James, Jeff, 2001. "The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 119-150, November.
    19. Lakshman Krishnamurthi & S. P. Raj, 1991. "An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Brand Loyalty and Consumer Price Elasticity," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(2), pages 172-183.
    20. Krishnamurthi, Lakshman & Mazumdar, Tridib & Raj, S P, 1992. "Asymmetric Response to Price in Consumer Brand Choice and Purchase Quantity Decisions," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 19(3), pages 387-400, December.
    21. Kalyanaram, Gurumurthy & Little, John D C, 1994. "An Empirical Analysis of Latitude of Price Acceptance in Consumer Package Goods," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 21(3), pages 408-418, December.
    22. Sang-soo Kim & Woo-yeul Baek & Kevin K. Byon & Sung-bum Ju, 2020. "Creating Shared Value and Fan Loyalty in the Korean Professional Volleyball Team," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-12, September.
    23. Knut Løyland & Vidar Ringstad, 2009. "On the Price and Income Sensitivity of the Demand for Sports: Has Linder’s Disease Become More Serious?," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 10(6), pages 601-618, December.
    24. Urbany, Joel E & Bearden, William O & Weilbaker, Dan C, 1988. "The Effect of Plausible and Exaggerated Reference Prices on Consumer Perceptions and Price Search," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 15(1), pages 95-110, June.
    25. Anthony C. Krautmann & David J. Berri, 2007. "Can We Find It at the Concessions? Understanding Price Elasticity in Professional Sports," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 8(2), pages 183-191, May.
    26. Shapiro, Stephen L. & Drayer, Joris, 2014. "An examination of dynamic ticket pricing and secondary market price determinants in Major League Baseball," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 145-159.
    27. Daniel C. Funk & Jeff James, 2001. "The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 119-150, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fong-Jia Wang & Chia-Huei Hsiao & Wei-Hsuan Shih & Weisheng Chiu, 2023. "Impacts of Price and Quality Perceptions on Individuals’ Intention to Participate in Marathon Events: Mediating Role of Perceived Value," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:hum:wpaper:sfb649dp2005-057 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Boztuğ, Yasemin & Hildebrandt, Lutz, 2005. "An empirical test of theories of price valuation using a semiparametric approach, reference prices, and accounting for heterogeneity," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2005-057, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
    3. Lillian L. Cheng & Kent B. Monroe, 2013. "An appraisal of behavioral price research (part 1): price as a physical stimulus," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(3), pages 103-129, September.
    4. Budzinski, Oliver & Feddersen, Arne, 2015. "Grundlagen der Sportnachfrage: Theorie und Empirie der Einflussfaktoren auf die Zuschauernachfrage," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 94, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    5. Friesen, Mark, 2020. "A dynamic perspective on consumers’ price fairness perception: Empirical evidence from the airline industry," Die Unternehmung - Swiss Journal of Business Research and Practice, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 74(4), pages 403-425.
    6. van Oest, Rutger, 2013. "Why are Consumers Less Loss Averse in Internal than External Reference Prices?," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 89(1), pages 62-71.
    7. Low, Wen-Shinn & Lee, Jeng-Da & Cheng, Soo-May, 2013. "The link between customer satisfaction and price sensitivity: An investigation of retailing industry in Taiwan," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 1-10.
    8. Pedro Cuesta-Valiño & Pablo Gutiérrez-Rodríguez & Cristina Loranca-Valle, 2021. "Sustainable Management of Sports Federations: The Indirect Effects of Perceived Service on Member’s Loyalty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Villas-Boas, Sofia B & Bonnet, Celine, 2016. "Asymmetric Consumer Price Responses and Asymmetric Cost Pass-Through," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series qt172676f9, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley.
    10. Getz, Donald & Page, Stephen J., 2016. "Progress and prospects for event tourism research," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 593-631.
    11. Yuval Arbel & Danny Ben-Shahar & Stuart Gabriel, 2016. "Are The Disabled Less Loss Averse? Evidence From A Natural Policy Experiment," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(2), pages 1291-1318, April.
    12. Yoshida, Masayuki & James, Jeffrey D. & Cronin, J. Joseph, 2013. "Sport event innovativeness: Conceptualization, measurement, and its impact on consumer behavior," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 68-84.
    13. Aniruddha Dutta, 2019. "Capacity Allocation of Game Tickets Using Dynamic Pricing," Data, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-12, October.
    14. Havard, Cody T., 2014. "Glory Out of Reflected Failure: The examination of how rivalry affects sport fans," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 243-253.
    15. Delia, Elizabeth B. & James, Jeffrey D., 2018. "The meaning of team in team identification," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 416-429.
    16. Shapiro, Stephen L. & Reams, Lamar & So, Kevin Kam Fung, 2019. "Is it worth the price? The role of perceived financial risk, identification, and perceived value in purchasing pay-per-view broadcasts of combat sports," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 235-246.
    17. Hyun Joung Jin & Eun Young You, 2019. "Do Discounts in Ticket Prices Induce Sustainable Profit to Performing Arts Suppliers?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-12, July.
    18. Daniel Martínez-Cevallos & Alejandra Proaño-Grijalva & Mario Alguacil & Daniel Duclos-Bastías & David Parra-Camacho, 2020. "Segmentation of Participants in a Sports Event Using Cluster Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
    19. Yoshida, Masayuki & Gordon, Brian, 2012. "Who is more influenced by customer equity drivers? A moderator analysis in a professional soccer context," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 389-403.
    20. Scott D. Grimshaw & Jeffrey S. Larson, 2021. "Effect of Star Power on NBA All-Star Game TV Audience," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(2), pages 139-163, February.
    21. Rocha, Claudio M. & Gratao, Otavio A., 2018. "The process toward commitment to running—The role of different motives, involvement, and coaching," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 459-472.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3361-:d:519643. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.