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Decentralized Control of DC Microgrid Based on Droop and Voltage Controls with Electricity Price Consideration

Author

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  • Al Faris Habibullah

    (Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea)

  • Faris Adnan Padhilah

    (Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea)

  • Kyeong-Hwa Kim

    (Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea)

Abstract

In this paper, a power flow control strategy (PFCS) for the decentralized control of DC microgrids (DCMGs) is proposed to enhance the flexibility and scalability of the microgrid power system. The proposed scheme is achieved by combining the droop control and DC-link voltage control with the consideration of the electricity price condition. Generally, the droop control method can be used effectively in decentralized DCMGs to achieve power-sharing without additional communication links. However, the deviation of the DC-link voltage caused by the droop control affects the amount of power delivered to the load. As an alternative, the DC-link voltage control can be used to prevent such a deviation. To combine both control schemes in this study, the utility grid (UG) unit uses the DC-link voltage control to exchange the power between the DC-link and a UG in the grid-connected mode, while a distributed generator (DG) and energy storage system (ESS) units use the droop control method in the islanded mode. The operating modes of the UG, DG, ESS, and load units are determined by the deviation values of the DC-link voltage to maintain DCMG power balance. The overall PFCS is also developed for a decentralized DCMG system by taking into consideration several uncertainties such as DG power variation, battery state of charge (SOC) level, load demand, and grid availability. The proposed PFCS also considers electricity price conditions to adaptively change the DC-link voltage level for the purpose of minimizing the utility cost. When the DC-link voltage level is reduced due to the high electricity price condition, the proposed droop controller is designed such that the ESS unit operates with a discharging mode, which leads to the required minimum power support from the UG. The effectiveness of the proposed PFCS is demonstrated by comprehensive simulation and experimental results under various conditions. Those test results clearly confirm the control flexibility and overall performance of the proposed PFCS for a decentralized DCMG system.

Suggested Citation

  • Al Faris Habibullah & Faris Adnan Padhilah & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2021. "Decentralized Control of DC Microgrid Based on Droop and Voltage Controls with Electricity Price Consideration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-29, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11398-:d:657124
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thanh Van Nguyen & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2019. "Power Flow Control Strategy and Reliable DC-Link Voltage Restoration for DC Microgrid under Grid Fault Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-27, July.
    2. Miguel Carpintero-Rentería & David Santos-Martín & Josep M. Guerrero, 2019. "Microgrids Literature Review through a Layers Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Faris Adnan Padhilah & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2020. "A Power Flow Control Strategy for Hybrid Control Architecture of DC Microgrid under Unreliable Grid Connection Considering Electricity Price Constraint," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-28, September.
    4. Liyuan Gao & Yao Liu & Huisong Ren & Josep M. Guerrero, 2017. "A DC Microgrid Coordinated Control Strategy Based on Integrator Current-Sharing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dong Yu & Shan Gao & Xin Zhao & Yu Liu & Sicheng Wang & Tiancheng E. Song, 2023. "Alternating Iterative Power-Flow Algorithm for Hybrid AC–DC Power Grids Incorporating LCCs and VSCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Al Faris Habibullah & Seung-Jin Yoon & Thuy Vi Tran & Yubin Kim & Dat Thanh Tran & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2022. "The Recent Development of Power Electronics and AC Machine Drive Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-8, October.
    3. Dat Thanh Tran & Al Faris Habibullah & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2022. "Seamless Power Management for a Distributed DC Microgrid with Minimum Communication Links under Transmission Time Delays," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-29, November.
    4. Muhammad Alif Miraj Jabbar & Dat Thanh Tran & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2023. "Decentralized Power Flow Control Strategy Using Transition Operations of DC-Bus Voltage for Detection of Uncertain DC Microgrid Operations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-33, July.

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