IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i1p353-d473922.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Roles of Wind and Sea Ice in Driving the Deglacial Change in the Southern Ocean Upwelling: A Modeling Study

Author

Listed:
  • Gagan Mandal

    (Taiwan International Graduate Program, Earth System Science Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
    Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

  • Shih-Yu Lee

    (Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

  • Jia-Yuh Yu

    (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan)

Abstract

The Southern Ocean (SO) played a fundamental role in the deglacial climate system by exchanging carbon-rich deep ocean water with the surface. The contribution of the SO’s physical mechanisms toward improving our understanding of SO upwelling’s dynamical changes is developing. Here, we investigated the simulated transient SO atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice evolution during the last deglaciation in a fully coupled Earth system model. Our results showed that decreases in SO upwelling followed the weakening of the Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies, wind stress forcing, and Antarctic sea ice coverage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. Our results support the idea that the SO upwelling is primarily driven by wind stress forcing. However, during the onset of the Holocene, SO upwelling increased while the strength of the wind stress decreased. The Antarctic sea ice change controlled the salt and freshwater fluxes, ocean density, and buoyancy flux, thereby influencing the SO’s dynamics. Our study highlighted the dynamic linkage of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, ocean, and sea ice in the SO’s latitudes. Furthermore, it emphasized that zonal wind stress forcing and buoyancy forcing control by sea ice together regulate the change in the SO upwelling.

Suggested Citation

  • Gagan Mandal & Shih-Yu Lee & Jia-Yuh Yu, 2021. "The Roles of Wind and Sea Ice in Driving the Deglacial Change in the Southern Ocean Upwelling: A Modeling Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:353-:d:473922
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/353/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/353/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. F. Alexander Haumann & Nicolas Gruber & Matthias Münnich & Ivy Frenger & Stefan Kern, 2016. "Sea-ice transport driving Southern Ocean salinity and its recent trends," Nature, Nature, vol. 537(7618), pages 89-92, September.
    2. J. L. Sarmiento & N. Gruber & M. A. Brzezinski & J. P. Dunne, 2004. "High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity," Nature, Nature, vol. 427(6969), pages 56-60, January.
    3. Kathryn A. Rose & Elisabeth L. Sikes & Thomas P. Guilderson & Phil Shane & Tessa M. Hill & Rainer Zahn & Howard J. Spero, 2010. "Upper-ocean-to-atmosphere radiocarbon offsets imply fast deglacial carbon dioxide release," Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7310), pages 1093-1097, August.
    4. Feng He & Jeremy D. Shakun & Peter U. Clark & Anders E. Carlson & Zhengyu Liu & Bette L. Otto-Bliesner & John E. Kutzbach, 2013. "Northern Hemisphere forcing of Southern Hemisphere climate during the last deglaciation," Nature, Nature, vol. 494(7435), pages 81-85, February.
    5. L. Menviel & P. Spence & J. Yu & M. A. Chamberlain & R. J. Matear & K. J. Meissner & M. H. England, 2018. "Southern Hemisphere westerlies as a driver of the early deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gagan Mandal & Jia-Yuh Yu & Shih-Yu Lee, 2022. "The Roles of Orbital and Meltwater Climate Forcings on the Southern Ocean Dynamics during the Last Deglaciation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gagan Mandal & Jia-Yuh Yu & Shih-Yu Lee, 2022. "The Roles of Orbital and Meltwater Climate Forcings on the Southern Ocean Dynamics during the Last Deglaciation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Shantong Sun & Andrew F. Thompson & Jimin Yu & Lixin Wu, 2024. "Transient overturning changes cause an upper-ocean nutrient decline in a warming climate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Yuhao Dai & Jimin Yu & Haojia Ren & Xuan Ji, 2022. "Deglacial Subantarctic CO2 outgassing driven by a weakened solubility pump," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Claire Siddiqui & Tim Rixen & Niko Lahajnar & Anja K. Van der Plas & Deon C. Louw & Tarron Lamont & Keshnee Pillay, 2023. "Regional and global impact of CO2 uptake in the Benguela Upwelling System through preformed nutrients," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Camille Hayatte Akhoudas & Jean-Baptiste Sallée & Gilles Reverdin & F. Alexander Haumann & Etienne Pauthenet & Christopher C. Chapman & Félix Margirier & Claire Lo Monaco & Nicolas Metzl & Julie Meill, 2023. "Isotopic evidence for an intensified hydrological cycle in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Zhengquan Yao & Xuefa Shi & Qiuzhen Yin & Samuel Jaccard & Yanguang Liu & Zhengtang Guo & Sergey A. Gorbarenko & Kunshan Wang & Tianyu Chen & Zhipeng Wu & Qingyun Nan & Jianjun Zou & Hongmin Wang & Ji, 2024. "Ice sheet and precession controlled subarctic Pacific productivity and upwelling over the last 550,000 years," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    7. Daniel P. Lowry & Holly K. Han & Nicholas R. Golledge & Natalya Gomez & Katelyn M. Johnson & Robert M. McKay, 2024. "Ocean cavity regime shift reversed West Antarctic grounding line retreat in the late Holocene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. M. S. Clark & J. I. Hoffman & L. S. Peck & L. Bargelloni & D. Gande & C. Havermans & B. Meyer & T. Patarnello & T. Phillips & K. R. Stoof-Leichsenring & D. L. J. Vendrami & A. Beck & G. Collins & M. W, 2023. "Multi-omics for studying and understanding polar life," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Dawei Li & Robert M. DeConto & David Pollard & Yongyun Hu, 2024. "Competing climate feedbacks of ice sheet freshwater discharge in a warming world," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Helene A. L. Hollitzer & Lavinia Patara & Jens Terhaar & Andreas Oschlies, 2024. "Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on ocean oxygen trends in recent decades," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Shinya Iwasaki & Lester Lembke-Jene & Kana Nagashima & Helge W. Arz & Naomi Harada & Katsunori Kimoto & Frank Lamy, 2022. "Evidence for late-glacial oceanic carbon redistribution and discharge from the Pacific Southern Ocean," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    12. Xueyuan Kuang & Frederik Schenk & Rienk Smittenberg & Petter Hällberg & Qiong Zhang, 2021. "Seasonal evolution differences of east Asian summer monsoon precipitation between Bølling-Allerød and younger Dryas periods," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(1), pages 1-18, March.
    13. Kenza Himmich & Martin Vancoppenolle & Gurvan Madec & Jean-Baptiste Sallée & Paul R. Holland & Marion Lebrun, 2023. "Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    14. Yusen Liu & Cheng Sun & Jianping Li & Fred Kucharski & Emanuele Lorenzo & Muhammad Adnan Abid & Xichen Li, 2023. "Decadal oscillation provides skillful multiyear predictions of Antarctic sea ice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    15. Varvara E. Zemskova & Tai-Long He & Zirui Wan & Nicolas Grisouard, 2022. "A deep-learning estimate of the decadal trends in the Southern Ocean carbon storage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    16. Jingyu Liu & Yipeng Wang & Samuel L. Jaccard & Nan Wang & Xun Gong & Nianqiao Fang & Rui Bao, 2023. "Pre-aged terrigenous organic carbon biases ocean ventilation-age reconstructions in the North Atlantic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:353-:d:473922. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.