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Effect of Water Vapor Injection on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Ming-Hsien Hsueh

    (Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan)

  • Chao-Jung Lai

    (Department of Fashion Design and Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 71002, Taiwan)

  • Meng-Chang Hsieh

    (Institute of Undersea Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan)

  • Shi-Hao Wang

    (Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Hsin Hsieh

    (Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan)

  • Chieh-Yu Pan

    (Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Chen Huang

    (Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan)

Abstract

The exhaust emissions from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) are currently one of the main sources of air pollution. This research presented a method for improving the exhaust gases and the performance of a Spark-Ignition (SI) engine using a water vapor injection system and a Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) system. These two systems were installed on the intake manifold to investigate their effects on the engine’s performance and the characteristics of exhaust emission using different air/fuel (A/F) ratios and engine speeds. The temperatures of the injected water were adjusted to 5 and 25 °C, using a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) temperature control device. The total hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NO x ), and engine torque were measured at different A/F ratios and engine speeds. The results indicated that the adaptation of the water vapor injection system and NTP system increased the content of the combustibles and combustion-supporting substances while achieving better emissions and torque. According to the test results, while the engine torque under 25 °C water+NTP was raised to 7.29%, the HC under 25 °C water+NTP and the NO x under 25 °C water were reduced to 16.31% and 11.88%, respectively. In conclusion, the water vapor injection and the NTP systems installed on the intake manifold could significantly reduce air pollution and improve engine performance for a more sustainable environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Ming-Hsien Hsueh & Chao-Jung Lai & Meng-Chang Hsieh & Shi-Hao Wang & Chia-Hsin Hsieh & Chieh-Yu Pan & Wen-Chen Huang, 2021. "Effect of Water Vapor Injection on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:9229-:d:616210
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Hwang, Joonsik & Kim, Wooyeong & Bae, Choongsik & Choe, Wonho & Cha, Jeonghwa & Woo, Soohyung, 2017. "Application of a novel microwave-assisted plasma ignition system in a direct injection gasoline engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 562-576.
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