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The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Jerzy Cisek

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-571 Cracow, Poland)

  • Szymon Lesniak

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-571 Cracow, Poland)

  • Winicjusz Stanik

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 31-503 Cracow, Poland)

  • Włodzimierz Przybylski

    (Dagas Sp. z o.o., 05-660 Warka, Poland)

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON ® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco ® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NO x concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NO x and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NO x and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NO x and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON ® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco ® alone, which explained the lowest NO x and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet ® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco ® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NO x concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NO x concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet ® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco ® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

Suggested Citation

  • Jerzy Cisek & Szymon Lesniak & Winicjusz Stanik & Włodzimierz Przybylski, 2021. "The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-31, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2784-:d:553369
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jerzy Cisek & Szymon Leśniak & Andrzej Borowski & Włodzimierz Przybylski & Vitaliy Mokretskyy, 2022. "Visualisation and Thermovision of Fuel Combustion Affecting Heat Release to Reduce NO x and PM Diesel Engine Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-32, July.
    2. Jerzy Cisek & Szymon Leśniak, 2023. "The Modeling of Fuel Auto-Ignition Delay and Its Verification Using Diesel Engines Fueled with Oils with Standard or Increased Cetane Numbers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Piotr Łagowski & Grzegorz Wcisło & Dariusz Kurczyński, 2022. "Comparison of the Combustion Process Parameters in a Diesel Engine Powered by Second-Generation Biodiesel Compared to the First-Generation Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Sławomir Wierzbicki & Kamil Duda & Maciej Mikulski, 2021. "Renewable Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-3, November.

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