IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i16p8866-d610640.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Author

Listed:
  • Shuo Li

    (Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Smart Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China)

  • Huili Zhang

    (School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China)

  • Jiapei Nie

    (School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China)

  • Raf Dewil

    (Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium)

  • Jan Baeyens

    (Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Smart Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
    Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium)

  • Yimin Deng

    (Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium)

Abstract

The steel industry represents about 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO 2 emissions due to the high use of fossil fuels. The CO 2 -lean direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is considered to offer a high potential to reduce CO 2 emissions, and this direct reduction of Fe 2 O 3 powder is investigated in this research. The H 2 reduction reaction kinetics and fluidization characteristics of fine and cohesive Fe 2 O 3 particles were examined in a vibrated fluidized bed reactor. A smooth bubbling fluidization was achieved. An increase in external force due to vibration slightly increased the pressure drop. The minimum fluidization velocity was nearly independent of the operating temperature. The yield of the direct H 2 -driven reduction was examined and found to exceed 90%, with a maximum of 98% under the vibration of ~47 Hz with an amplitude of 0.6 mm, and operating temperatures close to 500 °C. Towards the future of direct steel ore reduction, cheap and “green” hydrogen sources need to be developed. H 2 can be formed through various techniques with the catalytic decomposition of NH 3 (and CH 4 ), methanol and ethanol offering an important potential towards production cost, yield and environmental CO 2 emission reductions.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuo Li & Huili Zhang & Jiapei Nie & Raf Dewil & Jan Baeyens & Yimin Deng, 2021. "The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8866-:d:610640
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/16/8866/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/16/8866/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abhinav Bhaskar & Mohsen Assadi & Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, 2020. "Decarbonization of the Iron and Steel Industry with Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Green Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Patrick Moldenhauer & Carl Linderholm & Magnus Rydén & Anders Lyngfelt, 2020. "Avoiding CO2 capture effort and cost for negative CO2 emissions using industrial waste in chemical-looping combustion/gasification of biomass," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Mahmoudan, Alireza & Samadof, Parviz & Hosseinzadeh, Siamak & Garcia, Davide Astiaso, 2021. "A multigeneration cascade system using ground-source energy with cold recovery: 3E analyses and multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Torres, Erick & Rodriguez-Ortiz, Leandro A. & Zalazar, Daniela & Echegaray, Marcelo & Rodriguez, Rosa & Zhang, Huili & Mazza, Germán, 2020. "4-E (environmental, economic, energetic and exergetic) analysis of slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 296-307.
    5. Tri Tjahjono & Mehdi Ali Ehyaei & Abolfazl Ahmadi & Siamak Hoseinzadeh & Saim Memon, 2021. "Thermo-Economic Analysis on Integrated CO 2 , Organic Rankine Cycles, and NaClO Plant Using Liquefied Natural Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, May.
    6. Peng Wang & Morten Ryberg & Yi Yang & Kuishuang Feng & Sami Kara & Michael Hauschild & Wei-Qiang Chen, 2021. "Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Li, Shuo & Baeyens, Jan & Dewil, Raf & Appels, Lise & Zhang, Huili & Deng, Yimin, 2021. "Advances in rigid porous high temperature filters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Deng, Yimin & Li, Shuo & Appels, Lise & Zhang, Huili & Sweygers, Nick & Baeyens, Jan & Dewil, Raf, 2023. "Steam reforming of ethanol by non-noble metal catalysts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. M, Aravindan & V, Madhan Kumar & Hariharan, V.S. & Narahari, Tharun & P, Arun Kumar & K, Madhesh & G, Praveen Kumar & Prabakaran, Rajendran, 2023. "Fuelling the future: A review of non-renewable hydrogen production and storage techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Hong, Sanghyun & Kim, Eunsung & Jeong, Saerok, 2023. "Evaluating the sustainability of the hydrogen economy using multi-criteria decision-making analysis in Korea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 485-492.
    4. Sun, Xue & Li, Xiaofei & Zeng, Jingxin & Song, Qiang & Yang, Zhen & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2023. "Energy and exergy analysis of a novel solar-hydrogen production system with S–I thermochemical cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    5. Boldrini, Annika & Koolen, Derck & Crijns-Graus, Wina & Worrell, Ernst & van den Broek, Machteld, 2024. "Flexibility options in a decarbonising iron and steel industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    6. Ashkan Bahadoran & Qinglei Liu & Seeram Ramakrishna & Behzad Sadeghi & Moara Marques De Castro & Pasquale Daniele Cavaliere, 2022. "Hydrogen Production as a Clean Energy Carrier through Heterojunction Semiconductors for Environmental Remediation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, April.
    7. Jia Liu & Shuo Li & Raf Dewil & Maarten Vanierschot & Jan Baeyens & Yimin Deng, 2022. "Water Splitting by MnO x /Na 2 CO 3 Reversible Redox Reactions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao, Tengfei & Ahmad, Sayed Fayaz & Agrawal, Manoj Kumar & Ahmad Bani Ahmad, Ahmad Yahiya & Ghfar, Ayman A. & Valsalan, Prajoona & Shah, Nehad Ali & Gao, Xiaomin, 2024. "Design and thermo-enviro-economic analyses of a novel thermal design process for a CCHP-desalination application using LNG regasification integrated with a gas turbine power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    2. Siavashi, Majid & Hosseini, Farzad & Talesh Bahrami, Hamid Reza, 2021. "A new design with preheating and layered porous ceramic for hydrogen production through methane steam reforming process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    3. Wang, Xiaoyang & Yu, Biying & An, Runying & Sun, Feihu & Xu, Shuo, 2022. "An integrated analysis of China’s iron and steel industry towards carbon neutrality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    4. Hu, Xueyue & Wang, Chunying & Elshkaki, Ayman, 2024. "Material-energy Nexus: A systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    5. Sun, Minmin & Zhang, Jianliang & Li, Kejiang & Barati, Mansoor & Liu, Zhibin, 2022. "Co-gasification characteristics of coke blended with hydro-char and pyro-char from bamboo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    6. Nicole K. Bond & Robert T. Symonds & Robin W. Hughes, 2024. "Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Economics of Carbon Neutral Process Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-20, January.
    7. Maruf, Md. Nasimul Islam, 2021. "Open model-based analysis of a 100% renewable and sector-coupled energy system–The case of Germany in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    8. Mahmoudan, Alireza & Samadof, Parviz & Hosseinzadeh, Siamak & Garcia, Davide Astiaso, 2021. "A multigeneration cascade system using ground-source energy with cold recovery: 3E analyses and multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    9. Qiang Yue & Xicui Chai & Yujie Zhang & Qi Wang & Heming Wang & Feng Zhao & Wei Ji & Yuqi Lu, 2023. "Analysis of iron and steel production paths on the energy demand and carbon emission in China’s iron and steel industry," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 4065-4085, May.
    10. Michel Noussan & Pier Paolo Raimondi & Rossana Scita & Manfred Hafner, 2020. "The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, December.
    11. Salvatore Digiesi & Giovanni Mummolo & Micaela Vitti, 2022. "Minimum Emissions Configuration of a Green Energy–Steel System: An Analytical Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    12. McLaughlin, Hope & Littlefield, Anna A. & Menefee, Maia & Kinzer, Austin & Hull, Tobias & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Bazilian, Morgan D. & Kim, Jinsoo & Griffiths, Steven, 2023. "Carbon capture utilization and storage in review: Sociotechnical implications for a carbon reliant world," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    13. Yongyou Nie & Yuhan Wang & Lu Li & Haolan Liao, 2023. "Literature Review on Power Battery Echelon Reuse and Recycling from a Circular Economy Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-28, February.
    14. Tobias Mueller & Steven Gronau, 2023. "Fostering Macroeconomic Research on Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Systematic Literature Review on General Equilibrium Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-33, February.
    15. Bin Xu, 2022. "How to Efficiently Reduce the Carbon Intensity of the Heavy Industry in China? Using Quantile Regression Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, October.
    16. Baghel, Paramjeet & Sakhiya, Anil Kumar & Kaushal, Priyanka, 2022. "Influence of temperature on slow pyrolysis of Prosopis Juliflora: An experimental and thermodynamic approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 538-551.
    17. Su, Zixiang & Yang, Liu & Wang, Hao & Song, Jianzhong & Jiang, Weixue, 2024. "Exergoenvironmental optimization and thermoeconomic assessment of an innovative multistage Brayton cycle with dual expansion and cooling for ultra-high temperature solar power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    18. Jenny Ibarguen & Rosaura Castrillón, 2024. "ISO 50002 and ITS Contribution to the Decarbonization of SMES: Case Study," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(1), pages 224-244, January.
    19. Umair Yaqub Qazi, 2022. "Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-40, June.
    20. Shi, Xingping & He, Qing & Liu, Yixue & An, Xugang & Zhang, Qianxu & Du, Dongmei, 2024. "Thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis of a novel compressed air energy storage system coupled with coal-fired power unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8866-:d:610640. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.