IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i14p8026-d596710.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainability Opportunities for Mediterranean Food Products through New Formulations Based on Carob Flour ( Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Author

Listed:
  • Manel Issaoui

    (Lab-NAFS Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
    Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 9100, Tunisia)

  • Guido Flamini

    (Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Amélia Delgado

    (Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Algarve Edf 8, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal)

Abstract

Carob flour is increasingly popular in innovative functional foods. Its main producers are Mediterranean countries, facing health and nutrition challenges, and difficulties in tackling climate change. This study aims at formulating innovative sustainable bakery products of high nutritional value while pleasing the consumer and addressing regional challenges. Hence, carob flour was obtained by grinding sun-dried carob pods, thus reducing the environmental impact, and preserving carob’s high nutraceutical value. Different bread formulations resulted from the blend of wheat flour with carob pulp (5, 10, 20, and 30%) and/or seed powder (5 and 10%), with no added fats, additives, or processing aids. New products were evaluated for their textural, chromatic, nutritional, aromatic, and hedonic properties. Carob is rich in aroma, antioxidants, and prebiotic fibers, and does not contain gluten, so when combined with wheat, the proportion of gluten in bread is reduced. Carob is also rich in minerals (4.16% and 2.00% ash, respectively in seed and pulp), and breadmaking seems to generate lesser furane derivatives than in white bread. In short, carob is typically Mediterranean and is a valuable local resource in the formulation of sustainable foods with high nutritional value, low carbon footprint, safe, healthy, tasty, and affordable, all at once.

Suggested Citation

  • Manel Issaoui & Guido Flamini & Amélia Delgado, 2021. "Sustainability Opportunities for Mediterranean Food Products through New Formulations Based on Carob Flour ( Ceratonia siliqua L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:8026-:d:596710
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/8026/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/8026/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alain de Serres & Fabrice Murtin & Giuseppe Nicoletti, 2010. "A Framework for Assessing Green Growth Policies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 774, OECD Publishing.
    2. Kristiaan P. W. Kok & Alanya C. L. den Boer & Tomris Cesuroglu & Marjoleine G. van der Meij & Renée de Wildt-Liesveld & Barbara J. Regeer & Jacqueline E. W. Broerse, 2019. "Transforming Research and Innovation for Sustainable Food Systems—A Coupled-Systems Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Marco Medici & Maurizio Canavari & Moreno Toselli, 2020. "Interpreting Environmental Impacts Resulting from Fruit Cultivation in a Business Innovation Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Pedro José Correia & Maribela Pestana, 2018. "Exploratory Analysis of the Productivity of Carob Tree ( Ceratonia siliqua ) Orchards Conducted under Dry-Farming Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-7, June.
    5. Holly L. Rippin & Kremlin Wickramasinghe & Afton Halloran & Stephen Whiting & Julianne Williams & Kathrin Hetz & Adriana Pinedo & João J. Breda, 2020. "Disrupted food systems in the WHO European region – a threat or opportunity for healthy and sustainable food and nutrition?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(4), pages 859-864, August.
    6. Panwar, N.L. & Kaushik, S.C. & Kothari, Surendra, 2012. "State of the art of solar cooking: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3776-3785.
    7. Rattan Lal, 2020. "Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(4), pages 871-876, August.
    8. Erdem Cuce & Pinar Mert Cuce, 2015. "Theoretical investigation of hot box solar cookers having conventional and finned absorber plates," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(3), pages 238-245.
    9. Sanjay Mukherjee & Abhishek Asthana & Martin Howarth & Jahedul Islam Chowdhury, 2020. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for the Food Processing Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-26, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aramesh, Mohamad & Ghalebani, Mehdi & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Zamani, Hosein & Lorenzini, Giulio & Mahian, Omid & Wongwises, Somchai, 2019. "A review of recent advances in solar cooking technology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 419-435.
    2. Herez, Amal & Ramadan, Mohamad & Khaled, Mahmoud, 2018. "Review on solar cooker systems: Economic and environmental study for different Lebanese scenarios," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 421-432.
    3. Gheorghe Cristian Popescu & Monica Popescu, 2022. "COVID-19 pandemic and agriculture in Romania: effects on agricultural systems, compliance with restrictions and relations with authorities," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(2), pages 557-567, April.
    4. Feng, Guohua & McLaren, Keith R. & Yang, Ou & Zhang, Xiaohui & Zhao, Xueyan, 2021. "The impact of environmental policy stringency on industrial productivity growth: A semi-parametric study of OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Apaolaza-Pagoaga, Xabier & Carrillo-Andrés, Antonio & Rodrigues Ruivo, Celestino, 2022. "Experimental thermal performance evaluation of different configurations of Copenhagen solar cooker," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 604-618.
    6. Md. Sadique Rahman & Farhad Zulfiqar & Hayat Ullah & Sushil Kumar Himanshu & Mofasser Rahman & Avishek Datta, 2024. "Does the adoption of homestead gardening increase dietary diversity in climate-vulnerable coastal areas? Evidence from Bangladesh," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 859-878, September.
    7. Costantini, Valeria & Crespi, Francesco & Paglialunga, Elena, 2018. "The employment impact of private and public actions for energy efficiency: Evidence from European industries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 250-267.
    8. Fang, Yiping & Wei, Yanqiang, 2013. "Climate change adaptation on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau: The importance of solar energy utilization for rural household," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 508-518.
    9. Francesco Crespi & Claudia Ghisetti & Francesco Quatraro, 2015. "Taxonomy of Implemented Policy Instruments to Foster the Production of Green Technologies and Improve Environmental and Economic Performance. WWWforEurope Working Paper No. 90," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58131, March.
    10. Don Drummond & Evan Capeluck & Matthew Calver, 2015. "The Key Challenge for Canadian Public Policy: Generating Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth," CSLS Research Reports 2015-11, Centre for the Study of Living Standards.
    11. Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman & Razzaq, Asif & Yu, Zhang & Shah, Adeel & Sharif, Arshian & Janjua, Laeeq, 2022. "Disruption in food supply chain and undernourishment challenges: An empirical study in the context of Asian countries," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    12. Jan Hassink & Herman Agricola & Esther J. Veen & Roald Pijpker & Simone R. de Bruin & Harold A. B. van der Meulen & Lana B. Plug, 2020. "The Care Farming Sector in The Netherlands: A Reflection on Its Developments and Promising Innovations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    13. Francesco Crespi & Claudia Ghisetti & Francesco Quatraro, 2015. "Environmental and innovation policies for the evolution of green technologies: a survey and a test," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(2), pages 343-370, December.
    14. Aminou Arouna & Souleïmane A. Adekambi & Rachidi Aboudou & Wilfried Gnipabo Yergo & Gaudiose Mujawamariya, 2024. "Impact assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on the income and food security of rice smallholder producers in five African countries," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(11), pages 1-20, November.
    15. Khatri, Rahul & Goyal, Rahul & Sharma, Ravi Kumar, 2021. "Advances in the developments of solar cooker for sustainable development: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    16. Ribašauskienė, Erika & Volkov, Artiom & Morkūnas, Mangirdas & Žičkienė, Agnė & Dabkiene, Vida & Štreimikienė, Dalia & Baležentis, Tomas, 2024. "Strategies for increasing agricultural viability, resilience and sustainability amid disruptive events: An expert-based analysis of relevance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    17. Wiśniewska-Paluszak, J. & Paluszak, G. & Fiore, M. & Coticchio, A. & Galati, A. & Lira, J., 2023. "Urban agriculture business models and value propositions: Mixed methods approach based on evidence from Polish and Italian case studies," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    18. Dadashpoor, Hashem & Sajadi, Afshin, 2024. "Principles of just urban land use planning," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    19. Francesca Forno & Mikko Laamanen & Stefan Wahlen, 2022. "(Un-)sustainable transformations : everyday food practices in Italy during COVID-19," Post-Print hal-03625699, HAL.
    20. Rossing, Walter A.H. & Albicette, Maria Marta & Aguerre, Veronica & Leoni, Carolina & Ruggia, Andrea & Dogliotti, Santiago, 2021. "Crafting actionable knowledge on ecological intensification: Lessons from co-innovation approaches in Uruguay and Europe," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:8026-:d:596710. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.