IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i13p7385-d586869.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Quantifying Fenestration Effect on Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms

Author

Listed:
  • Ibrahim Reda

    (Architectural and Interior Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad P.O. Box 26489, Bahrain
    Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Raouf N. AbdelMessih

    (Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Mohamed Steit

    (Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Ehab M. Mina

    (Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

Abstract

This study seeks to evaluate thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms to draw sustainable solutions that reduce the dramatic energy consumed in mechanically ventilated spaces. Passive ventilation scenarios are generated using alternations of openings on the windward and leeward sides to evaluate their effects on thermal comfort. Twenty-eight experiments were carried in Bahrain during winter inside an exposed classroom, the experiments were grouped into five scenarios namely: “single-inlet single-outlet” SISO, “single-inlet double-outlet” SIDO, “double-inlet single-outlet” DISO, “double-inlet double-outlet” DIDO and “single-side ventilation” SSV. The findings indicate that single-side ventilation did not offer comfort except at high airspeed, while comfort is attained by using cross-ventilation at ambient temperature between 21.8–26.8 °C. The temperature difference between monitored locations and the inlet is inversely proportional to the number of air changes per hour. The DISO scenario accomplishes the lowest temperature difference. Using cross-ventilation instead of single-side ventilation reduces the temperature differences between 0.5–2.5 °C and increases airspeed up to three folds. According to the measured findings, the DISO cross-ventilation scenario is a valid sustainable solution adaptable to climatic variation locally and beyond with zero-energy consumption and zero emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Reda & Raouf N. AbdelMessih & Mohamed Steit & Ehab M. Mina, 2021. "Quantifying Fenestration Effect on Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7385-:d:586869
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7385/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7385/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fusheng Ma & Changhong Zhan & Xiaoyang Xu & Guanghao Li, 2020. "Winter Thermal Comfort and Perceived Air Quality: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Severe Cold Regions in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Yang, Liu & Yan, Haiyan & Lam, Joseph C., 2014. "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 164-173.
    3. Zuhairy, Akram A. & Sayigh, A.A.M., 1993. "The development of the bioclimatic concept in building design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 521-533.
    4. Ahmed, Tariq & Kumar, Prashant & Mottet, Laetitia, 2021. "Natural ventilation in warm climates: The challenges of thermal comfort, heatwave resilience and indoor air quality," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ghada Elshafei & Silvia Vilcekova & Martina Zelenakova & Abdelazim M. Negm, 2021. "Towards an Adaptation of Efficient Passive Design for Thermal Comfort Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-23, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carolina Rodriguez & María Coronado & Marta D’Alessandro & Juan Medina, 2019. "The Importance of Standardised Data-Collection Methods in the Improvement of Thermal Comfort Assessment Models for Developing Countries in the Tropics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Yang, Haiyue & Wang, Yazhou & Yu, Qianqian & Cao, Guoliang & Yang, Rue & Ke, Jiaona & Di, Xin & Liu, Feng & Zhang, Wenbo & Wang, Chengyu, 2018. "Composite phase change materials with good reversible thermochromic ability in delignified wood substrate for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 455-464.
    3. Ebrahim Morady & Madjid Soltani & Farshad Moradi Kashkooli & Masoud Ziabasharhagh & Armughan Al-Haq & Jatin Nathwani, 2022. "Improving Energy Efficiency by Utilizing Wetted Cellulose Pads in Passive Cooling Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Hinker, Jonas & Hemkendreis, Christian & Drewing, Emily & März, Steven & Hidalgo Rodríguez, Diego I. & Myrzik, Johanna M.A., 2017. "A novel conceptual model facilitating the derivation of agent-based models for analyzing socio-technical optimality gaps in the energy domain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1219-1230.
    5. Yan, Huaxia & Pan, Yan & Li, Zhao & Deng, Shiming, 2018. "Further development of a thermal comfort based fuzzy logic controller for a direct expansion air conditioning system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 312-324.
    6. Cui, Can & Zhang, Xin & Cai, Wenjian, 2020. "An energy-saving oriented air balancing method for demand controlled ventilation systems with branch and black-box model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    7. Mukhtar, A. & Ng, K.C. & Yusoff, M.Z., 2018. "Design optimization for ventilation shafts of naturally-ventilated underground shelters for improvement of ventilation rate and thermal comfort," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 183-198.
    8. Girish Rentala & Yimin Zhu & Neil M. Johannsen, 2021. "Impact of Outdoor Temperature Variations on Thermal State in Experiments Using Immersive Virtual Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-36, September.
    9. Picallo-Perez, Ana & Catrini, Pietro & Piacentino, Antonio & Sala, José-Mª, 2019. "A novel thermoeconomic analysis under dynamic operating conditions for space heating and cooling systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 819-837.
    10. Baglivo, Cristina & Congedo, Paolo Maria & D'Agostino, Delia & Zacà, Ilaria, 2015. "Cost-optimal analysis and technical comparison between standard and high efficient mono-residential buildings in a warm climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 560-575.
    11. Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak & Katarzyna Nowak & Marcin Furtak, 2019. "Analysis of the Effect of Using External Venetian Blinds on the Thermal Comfort of Users of Highly Glazed Office Rooms in a Transition Season of Temperate Climate—Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.
    12. Pikas, Ergo & Thalfeldt, Martin & Kurnitski, Jarek & Liias, Roode, 2015. "Extra cost analyses of two apartment buildings for achieving nearly zero and low energy buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 623-633.
    13. Burillo, Daniel & Chester, Mikhail V. & Pincetl, Stephanie & Fournier, Eric, 2019. "Electricity infrastructure vulnerabilities due to long-term growth and extreme heat from climate change in Los Angeles County," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 943-953.
    14. Shady Attia, 2020. "Spatial and Behavioral Thermal Adaptation in Net Zero Energy Buildings: An Exploratory Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-15, September.
    15. Li, Biao & Han, Zongwei & Bai, Chenguang & Hu, Honghao, 2019. "The influence of soil thermal properties on the operation performance on ground source heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 903-913.
    16. Buratti, C. & Palladino, D. & Ricciardi, P., 2016. "Application of a new 13-value thermal comfort scale to moderate environments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 859-866.
    17. Bakhshoodeh, Reza & Ocampo, Carlos & Oldham, Carolyn, 2022. "Thermal performance of green façades: Review and analysis of published data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    18. Jiayi Shi & Tao Zhang & Hiroatsu Fukuda & Qun Zhang & Lujian Bai, 2022. "Socio-Environmental Responsive Strategy and Sustainable Development of Traditional Tianshui Dwellings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.
    19. Magnouréwa Josiane Tossim & Parfait Altolnan Tombar & Sinko Banakinao & Célestin Adeito Mavunda & Tchakouni Sondou & Cyprien Coffi Aholou & Yawovi Mawuénya Xolali Dany Ayité, 2024. "Analysis of the Choice of Cement in Construction and Its Impact on Comfort in Togo," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.
    20. Amin, Amin & Mourshed, Monjur, 2024. "Community stochastic domestic electricity forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7385-:d:586869. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.