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Carbon Mineralization Rates and Kinetics of Surface-Applied and Incorporated Rice and Maize Residues in Entisol and Inceptisol Soil Types

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  • Rakesh S

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India)

  • Deepranjan Sarkar

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Abhas Kumar Sinha

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India)

  • Shikha

    (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ranichauri, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Tehri Garhwal 249199, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Prabir Mukhopadhyay

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India)

  • Subhan Danish

    (Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Shah Fahad

    (Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan)

  • Rahul Datta

    (Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Mineralization of carbon (C) is a burning issue that is regulated by soil attributes. It has direct impacts on crop productivity and quantification of organic residue addition in soil. For better understanding and achievement of potential tillage benefits, a comprehensive scientific understanding of C mineralization is very important. Therefore, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the C mineralization rates and kinetics of crop residues (rice and maize) when applied on the surface (as zero-tillage, ZT) and incorporation (as conventional tillage, CT) in four different soil types (S1 and S2 of Entisol; S3 and S4 of Inceptisols) of West Bengal state, India. Results showed that after 7 days of incubation, there was a rapid phase of decrease in CO 2 -C fluxes. It continued up to day 14 followed by a sluggish nature of CO 2 emission up to day-42, and after that almost levelling off in all subsequent periods up to the end of 126 days of incubation. There was a progressive release of cumulative total C from the soils with an increase in time till the last day of incubation. For every 10% increase in C loss, there was about 0.376 mg/g C mineralization from the applied residue C. It was evident from the kinetic models that C mineralization from the residues followed the exponential model: C = Co(1 − e −kt ). Similar rate constant (k) values were recorded in both placement methods, but the rate of maximum potential mineralizable (C 0 k) residue C was higher under residue incorporation treatments for both rice and maize residue. However, the rice and maize residues showed almost similar amounts of C mineralized over time when applied on the surface. The future prediction analysis using the equation C = Co(1 − e −kt ) suggested that the residues incorporated into the soil releases a maximum C irrespective of residue type. We conclude that the residues when incorporated into the soil significantly increases the C footprints through maximum C mineralization; leaving the crop residue on the soil surface reduces the C footprints which helps in achieving sustainability from an environmental perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakesh S & Deepranjan Sarkar & Abhas Kumar Sinha & Shikha & Prabir Mukhopadhyay & Subhan Danish & Shah Fahad & Rahul Datta, 2021. "Carbon Mineralization Rates and Kinetics of Surface-Applied and Incorporated Rice and Maize Residues in Entisol and Inceptisol Soil Types," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7212-:d:583576
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deepranjan Sarkar & Amitava Rakshit & Ahmad I. Al-Turki & R. Z. Sayyed & Rahul Datta, 2021. "Connecting Bio-Priming Approach with Integrated Nutrient Management for Improved Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crop Species," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Subhan Danish & Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye & Shah Fahad & Shah Saud & Martin Brtnicky & Tereza Hammerschmiedt & Rahul Datta, 2020. "Drought Stress Alleviation by ACC Deaminase Producing Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Enterobacter cloacae , with and without Timber Waste Biochar in Maize," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Theodore Danso Marfo & Rahul Datta & Valerie Vranová & Adam Ekielski, 2019. "Ecotone Dynamics and Stability from Soil Perspective: Forest-Agriculture Land Transition," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-10, October.
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    1. S. Rakesh & Abhas Kumar Sinha & Deepranjan Sarkar & Dewali Roy & Divya Bodiga & Samaresh Sahoo & Prakash Kumar Jha & Pradeep Kumar Dubey & Amitava Rakshit, 2023. "Active and Passive Carbon Fractions in Contrasting Cropping Systems, Tillage Practices, and Soil Types," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, January.

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