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Biofertilizer-Based Zinc Application Enhances Maize Growth, Gas Exchange Attributes, and Yield in Zinc-Deficient Soil

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Saboor

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Arif Ali

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Niaz Ahmed

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Milan Skalicky

    (Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Subhan Danish

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Shah Fahad

    (Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan)

  • Fahmy Hassan

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed M. Hassan

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Marian Brestic

    (Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
    Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia)

  • Ayman EL Sabagh

    (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt)

  • Rahul Datta

    (Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) concentration in soil varies from deficient to toxic. Its deficiency, as well as toxicity, through imbalanced application and cropping in industrial sites can reduce maize growth and yield. Therefore, balanced Zn application is necessary to save resources and achieve optimum growth and yield in maize. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide tolerance to the host plant against Zn-induced stress. Inoculation with AMF helps in regulating the uptake of Zn and enhances the growth and yield of crops. Different application rates of Zn (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg Zn kg −1 ) were applied with inoculation with AMF (AM) and without AMF (NM). Results showed that root colonization was 45% higher in AMF-inoculated plants than non-inoculated plants. A significant increase in plant height (15%), number of leaves (35.4%), cob weight (4.39%), 1000-grain weight (10.5%), and biological yield (42.2%) signified the efficacious functioning of Zn20 + AM over sole inoculation with AM. We also observed that AMF inoculation with Zn20 helped to improve photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance. Furthermore, both Zn20 + AM and Zn20 + AM significantly increased total soluble protein compared with AM. Higher application rates of zinc, i.e., Zn80 and Zn120, induced Zn toxicity with (AM) and without (NM) AMF. In conclusion, Zn20 + AM is an effective treatment to achieve better growth and maize yield without Zn deficiency or toxicity.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Saboor & Muhammad Arif Ali & Niaz Ahmed & Milan Skalicky & Subhan Danish & Shah Fahad & Fahmy Hassan & Mohamed M. Hassan & Marian Brestic & Ayman EL Sabagh & Rahul Datta, 2021. "Biofertilizer-Based Zinc Application Enhances Maize Growth, Gas Exchange Attributes, and Yield in Zinc-Deficient Soil," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:4:p:310-:d:529299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Subhan Danish & Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye & Shah Fahad & Shah Saud & Martin Brtnicky & Tereza Hammerschmiedt & Rahul Datta, 2020. "Drought Stress Alleviation by ACC Deaminase Producing Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Enterobacter cloacae , with and without Timber Waste Biochar in Maize," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Kohki Akiyama & Ken-ichi Matsuzaki & Hideo Hayashi, 2005. "Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi," Nature, Nature, vol. 435(7043), pages 824-827, June.
    3. Fazli Wahid & Shah Fahad & Subhan Danish & Muhammad Adnan & Zhen Yue & Shah Saud & Manzer H. Siddiqui & Martin Brtnicky & Tereza Hammerschmiedt & Rahul Datta, 2020. "Sustainable Management with Mycorrhizae and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria for Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake in Calcareous Soils," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-14, August.
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    3. Nukshab Zeeshan & Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi & Iftikhar Ahmad & Ghulam Murtaza & Aftab Jamal & Saifullah & Ayesha Abdul Qadir & Emanuele Radicetti, 2023. "Trace Metals in Rice Grains and Their Associated Health Risks from Conventional and Non-Conventional Rice Growing Areas in Punjab-Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.

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