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Evaluation of the Emission Impact of Cold-Ironing Power Systems, Using a Bi-Directional Power Flow Control Strategy

Author

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  • Carlos A. Reusser

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Joel R. Pérez

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Even though cold ironing is not a new technology applied to reduce the impact of emissions from ships at berth, commonly used arrangements for shore-side power substations only allow a unidirectional power flow, from port to ship side. Although these applications have a positive contribution to port community health and global reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially when the energy is supplied from renewable sources, emissions during loading/unloading operations are directly related to the operating profiles of auxiliary engines of a ship. The present work evaluates a ship’s emission impact when applying cold-ironing technology using a bi-directional power flow control strategy while at berth, thus optimizing the auxiliary engine operating profile and enabling regeneration into the port installations. The methodology applied considers the establishment of the operational profile of the ship, the adaptation and use of carbon intensity indicators (CII) used by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to evaluate the impact of shipping, and the strategy considering the capacities of the ship to obtain and provide electric power from and to the port when at berth. Results show that the strategy can be applied to any ship with a high demand for electric power while at berth, and that the adaptation and use of different CIIs allows operational profiles of electric power generation on board to be optimized and to reduce emission generation, which affects port community health.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos A. Reusser & Joel R. Pérez, 2020. "Evaluation of the Emission Impact of Cold-Ironing Power Systems, Using a Bi-Directional Power Flow Control Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2020:i:1:p:334-:d:473435
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zis, Thalis P.V., 2019. "Prospects of cold ironing as an emissions reduction option," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 82-95.
    2. Tang, Ruoli & Wu, Zhou & Li, Xin, 2018. "Optimal operation of photovoltaic/battery/diesel/cold-ironing hybrid energy system for maritime application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 697-714.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kai Ding & Chen Yao & Yifan Li & Qinglong Hao & Yaqiong Lv & Zengrui Huang, 2022. "A Review on Fault Diagnosis Technology of Key Components in Cold Ironing System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-28, May.
    2. Roko Glavinović & Maja Krčum & Luka Vukić & Ivan Karin, 2023. "Cold Ironing Implementation Overview in European Ports—Case Study—Croatian Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Wei Hou & Rita Yi Man Li & Thanawan Sittihai, 2022. "Management Optimization of Electricity System with Sustainability Enhancement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, May.

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