IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2020i1p225-d469720.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Campus Shuttle Bus Route Optimization Using Machine Learning Predictive Analysis: A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Rafidah Md Noor

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Centre for Mobile Cloud Computing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Nadia Bella Gustiani Rasyidi

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Tarak Nandy

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Raenu Kolandaisamy

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

Public transportation is a vital service provided to enable a community to carry out daily activities. One of the mass transportations used in an area is a bus. Moreover, the smart transportation concept is an integrated application of technology and strategy in the transportation system. Using smart idea is the key to the application of the Internet of Things. The ways to improve the management transportation system become a bottleneck for the traditional data analytics solution, one of the answers used in machine learning. This paper uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the best prediction of travel time with a lower error rate on a case study of a university shuttle bus. Apart from predicting the travel time, this study also considers the fuel cost and gas emission from transportation. The analysis of the experiment shows that the ANN outperformed the SVM. Furthermore, a recommender system is used to recommend suitable routes for the chosen scenario. The experiments extend the discussion with a range of future directions on the stipulated field of study.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafidah Md Noor & Nadia Bella Gustiani Rasyidi & Tarak Nandy & Raenu Kolandaisamy, 2020. "Campus Shuttle Bus Route Optimization Using Machine Learning Predictive Analysis: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2020:i:1:p:225-:d:469720
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/225/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/225/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jin Qin & Yong Ye & Bi-rong Cheng & Xiaobo Zhao & Linling Ni, 2017. "The Emergency Vehicle Routing Problem with Uncertain Demand under Sustainability Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Chunyan Tang & Avishai Ceder & Ying-En Ge, 2018. "Optimal public-transport operational strategies to reduce cost and vehicle’s emission," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Osamu Shimizu & Sakahisa Nagai & Toshiyuki Fujita & Hiroshi Fujimoto, 2020. "Potential for CO 2 Reduction by Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Passenger Vehicles in Japan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Piotr Gołębiowski & Jolanta Żak & Ilona Jacyna-Gołda, 2020. "Approach to the Proecological Distribution of the Traffic Flow on the Transport Network from the Point of View of Carbon Dioxide," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Canan G. Corlu & Rocio de la Torre & Adrian Serrano-Hernandez & Angel A. Juan & Javier Faulin, 2020. "Optimizing Energy Consumption in Transportation: Literature Review, Insights, and Research Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-33, March.
    6. Luis Rivera-González & David Bolonio & Luis F. Mazadiego & Sebastián Naranjo-Silva & Kenny Escobar-Segovia, 2020. "Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-26, January.
    7. Dioha, Michael O. & Kumar, Atul, 2020. "Sustainable energy pathways for land transport in Nigeria," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    8. Zhang Mingheng & Zhen Yaobao & Hui Ganglong & Chen Gang, 2013. "Accurate Multisteps Traffic Flow Prediction Based on SVM," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2013, pages 1-8, October.
    9. Atanu Sengupta & Sanjoy De, 2020. "Review of Literature," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: Assessing Performance of Banks in India Fifty Years After Nationalization, chapter 0, pages 15-30, Springer.
    10. Ziqi Wang & Peihan Wen, 2020. "Optimization of a Low-Carbon Two-Echelon Heterogeneous-Fleet Vehicle Routing for Cold Chain Logistics under Mixed Time Window," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Maria Cieśla & Aleksander Sobota & Marianna Jacyna, 2020. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making Process in Metropolitan Transport Means Selection Based on the Sharing Mobility Idea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-21, September.
    12. Wei Wu & Wanjing Ma & Kejun Long & Heping Zhou & Yi Zhang, 2016. "Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-15, November.
    13. Max Leyerer & Marc-Oliver Sonneberg & Maximilian Heumann & Tim Kammann & Michael H. Breitner, 2019. "Individually Optimized Commercial Road Transport: A Decision Support System for Customizable Routing Problems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-21, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bakioglu, Gozde, 2024. "Selection of sustainable transportation strategies for campuses using hybrid decision-making approach under picture fuzzy sets," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Adrian Serrano-Hernandez & Aitor Ballano & Javier Faulin, 2021. "Selecting Freight Transportation Modes in Last-Mile Urban Distribution in Pamplona (Spain): An Option for Drone Delivery in Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Kazimierz Lejda & Artur Jaworski & Maksymilian Mądziel & Krzysztof Balawender & Adam Ustrzycki & Danylo Savostin-Kosiak, 2021. "Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Yanfei Zhu & Chunhui Li & Kwang Y. Lee, 2022. "The NR-EGA for the EVRP Problem with the Electric Energy Consumption Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Yuanxin Peng & Zhuo Chen & Juanzhi Xu & Jay Lee, 2020. "Analysis of green total factor productivity trend and its determinants for the countries along silk roads," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 1711-1726, December.
    5. Elmar Zozmann & Mirjam Helena Eerma & Dylan Manning & Gro Lill {O}kland & Citlali Rodriguez del Angel & Paul E. Seifert & Johanna Winkler & Alfredo Zamora Blaumann & Seyedsaeed Hosseinioun & Leonard G, 2021. "The Potential of Sufficiency Measures to Achieve a Fully Renewable Energy System -- A case study for Germany," Papers 2109.00453, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2021.
    6. Julius Brinken & Sebastian Trojahn & Fabian Behrendt, 2022. "Sufficiency, Consistency, and Efficiency as a Base for Systemizing Sustainability Measures in Food Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    7. Melinda Timea Fülöp & Miklós Gubán & György Kovács & Mihály Avornicului, 2021. "Economic Development Based on a Mathematical Model: An Optimal Solution Method for the Fuel Supply of International Road Transport Activity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-22, May.
    8. Costanza Saletti & Mirko Morini & Agostino Gambarotta, 2020. "The Status of Research and Innovation on Heating and Cooling Networks as Smart Energy Systems within Horizon 2020," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-27, June.
    9. José María López-Sanz & Azucena Penelas-Leguía & Pablo Gutiérrez-Rodríguez & Pedro Cuesta-Valiño, 2021. "Sustainable Development and Consumer Behavior in Rural Tourism—The Importance of Image and Loyalty for Host Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    10. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    11. Cristina Blasi Casagran & Colleen Boland & Elena Sánchez-Montijano & Eva Vilà Sanchez, 2021. "The Role of Emerging Predictive IT Tools in Effective Migration Governance," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(4), pages 133-145.
    12. Maria Maddalena Sirufo & Francesca De Pietro & Alessandra Catalogna & Lia Ginaldi & Massimo De Martinis, 2021. "The Microbiota-Bone-Allergy Interplay," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
    13. Oleh Pasko & Mykola Hordiyenko & Fuli Chen & Yarmila Tkal & Yulia Abraham, 2021. "Mapping Global Research on International Financial Reporting Standards: A Scientometric Review," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(3), pages 116-134, May.
    14. Zhang, Tianyu & Dong, Peiwu & Zeng, Yongchao & Ju, Yanbing, 2022. "Analyzing the diffusion of competitive smart wearable devices: An agent-based multi-dimensional relative agreement model," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 90-105.
    15. Vladimír Konečný & Jozef Gnap & Tomáš Settey & František Petro & Tomáš Skrúcaný & Tomasz Figlus, 2020. "Environmental Sustainability of the Vehicle Fleet Change in Public City Transport of Selected City in Central Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-23, July.
    16. Vitor Hugo Ferreira & André da Costa Pinho & Dickson Silva de Souza & Bárbara Siqueira Rodrigues, 2021. "A New Clustering Approach for Automatic Oscillographic Records Segmentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    17. Maurizio Massaro & Francesca Dal Mas & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour & Carlo Bagnoli, 2020. "Crypto‐economy and new sustainable business models: Reflections and projections using a case study analysis," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(5), pages 2150-2160, September.
    18. Ines A. Ferreira & Rachel M. Gisselquist & Finn Tarp, 2021. "On the impact of inequality on growth, human development, and governance," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-34, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    19. He Tingting, 2021. "Comparing Money and Time Donation: What Do Experiments Tell Us?," Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, Sciendo, vol. 41(3), pages 65-94, September.
    20. Beatriz Calzada Olvera & Mario Gonzalez-Sauri & Federico Louvin & David-Alexander Harings Moya, 2021. "COVID-19 in Central America: effects of firm resilience and policy responses on employment," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-166, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2020:i:1:p:225-:d:469720. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.