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City-Region Food Systems and Second Tier Cities: From Garden Cities to Garden Regions

Author

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  • Koen van der Gaast

    (Wageningen University, 6700–6709 Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Aeres University of Applied Sciences Almere, Stadhuisstraat 18, 1315 HC Almere, The Netherlands)

  • Eveline van Leeuwen

    (Wageningen University, 6700–6709 Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Sigrid Wertheim-Heck

    (Wageningen University, 6700–6709 Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Aeres University of Applied Sciences Almere, Stadhuisstraat 18, 1315 HC Almere, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Theory and practice show that second-tier cities can play an important role in linking the urban and the rural. Second-tier cities are the middle ground of the urban system. The smaller spatial scale of second-tier cities, and their often-stronger connections with the rural hinterland can potentially enable a more sustainable food system. In this paper, we argue that the extent to which the benefits ascribed to the re-localisation of food can be achieved greatly depends on the contextual specifics of the second-tier city and the region in which it is embedded. Furthermore, we argue that to reach resilient, healthy and environmentally friendly city region food systems, three contextual elements need to be considered in their mutual coherence: (1) the historical development of the second-tier city and the region; (2) the proximity of food production to the second-tier city; (3) the scale and reach of the city region’s food system. We use the case-study of the Dutch city Almere to show how (a controlled) growth of cities can be combined with maintaining (or even increasing) the strength of adjacent rural areas. Such cities can play a role in creating Garden Regions: regions that foster healthy, sustainable and resilient food systems and that do not just connect urban and rural regions, but also connect city region food systems to national and global markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Koen van der Gaast & Eveline van Leeuwen & Sigrid Wertheim-Heck, 2020. "City-Region Food Systems and Second Tier Cities: From Garden Cities to Garden Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:2532-:d:336161
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Koen Gaast & Jan Eelco Jansma & Sigrid Wertheim-Heck, 2023. "Between ambitions and actions: how citizens navigate the entrepreneurial process of co-producing sustainable urban food futures," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 40(3), pages 1287-1302, September.
    3. Francesc Fusté-Forné & Maria Fusté Forné, 2021. "Urban Gardens as Sustainable Attractions for Children in Family Tourism," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-11, November.

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