IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i3p1137-d316865.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thymelaea hirsuta and Echinops spinosus : Xerophytic Plants with High Potential for First-Generation Biodiesel Production

Author

Listed:
  • Nesma M. Helal

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Hesham F. Alharby

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Basmah M. Alharbi

    (Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Atif. A. Bamagoos

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed M. Hashim

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

Abstract

The negative impacts of fossil fuel on the environment should be replaced by clean and sustainable energy sources worldwide. Therefore, the use of biodiesel as a clean energy source is crucial. Biodiesel is produced from various natural resources through a transesterification process. Considering the importance of this topic, this study focuses on the assessment of oil properties of Thymelaea hirsuta and Echinops spinosus as primary sources for biodiesel production. The two investigated plants were collected from the Western Desert of Egypt. The results showed that the lignocellulosic content was about 57.3 and 79.8 g/100 g in E. spinosus and 59.1 and 82.8 g/100 g in T. hirsuta , respectively. The two investigated samples showed variable lipid contents (30.2–76.1%). The GC-MS fatty acid profile characterized seven FAs in E. spinosus and twelf FAs in T. hirsuta . The greatest CN was calculated in T. hirsuta (379.2) compared to the lowest in E. spinosus (229.9). Furthermore, the values of saponification number (SN) were 27.9 in E. spinosus and 16.07 in T. hirsuta . The value of higher heating value (HHV) was about 47.5 MJ/kg in E. spinosus and 48.3 MJ/kg in T. hirsuta . Meanwhile, T. hirsuta exhibited a higher induction period (IP) value (19.3 h) comparable to that of E. spinosus (4.3 h). The results revealed that both plants are potential sources for biodiesel production according to various international standards for biodiesel production, and this work appears to be one of the first reports regarding such wild xerophytic plants as promising new primary sources for biodiesel production in Egypt.

Suggested Citation

  • Nesma M. Helal & Hesham F. Alharby & Basmah M. Alharbi & Atif. A. Bamagoos & Ahmed M. Hashim, 2020. "Thymelaea hirsuta and Echinops spinosus : Xerophytic Plants with High Potential for First-Generation Biodiesel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1137-:d:316865
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/1137/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/1137/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tsoskounoglou, Miltos & Ayerides, George & Tritopoulou, Efi, 2008. "The end of cheap oil: Current status and prospects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 3797-3806, October.
    2. El Boulifi, N. & Bouaid, A. & Martinez, M. & Aracil, J., 2013. "Optimization and oxidative stability of biodiesel production from rice bran oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 141-147.
    3. Karavalakis, Georgios & Hilari, Despina & Givalou, Lida & Karonis, Dimitrios & Stournas, Stamos, 2011. "Storage stability and ageing effect of biodiesel blends treated with different antioxidants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 369-374.
    4. Sajjadi, Baharak & Raman, Abdul Aziz Abdul & Arandiyan, Hamidreza, 2016. "A comprehensive review on properties of edible and non-edible vegetable oil-based biodiesel: Composition, specifications and prediction models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 62-92.
    5. kumar, Mukesh & Sharma, Mahendra Pal, 2016. "Selection of potential oils for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1129-1138.
    6. Patel, Alok & Arora, Neha & Mehtani, Juhi & Pruthi, Vikas & Pruthi, Parul A., 2017. "Assessment of fuel properties on the basis of fatty acid profiles of oleaginous yeast for potential biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 604-616.
    7. Zheng, Longyu & Hou, Yanfei & Li, Wu & Yang, Sen & Li, Qing & Yu, Ziniu, 2012. "Biodiesel production from rice straw and restaurant waste employing black soldier fly assisted by microbes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 225-229.
    8. Linda Dominique Fabiola Bambara & Marie Sawadogo & Daniel Roy & Didier Anciaux & Joël Blin & Salifou Koucka Ouiminga, 2018. "Biofuel from Balanites aegyptiaca : Optimization of the Feedstock Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Singh, S.P. & Singh, Dipti, 2010. "Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 200-216, January.
    10. Khairul Azly Zahan & Manabu Kano, 2018. "Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-25, August.
    11. Shahabuddin, M. & Kalam, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Bhuiya, M.M.K. & Mofijur, M., 2012. "An experimental investigation into biodiesel stability by means of oxidation and property determination," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 616-622.
    12. Tesfa, B. & Mishra, R. & Gu, F. & Powles, N., 2010. "Prediction models for density and viscosity of biodiesel and their effects on fuel supply system in CI engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2752-2760.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Arbab, M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Varman, M. & Kalam, M.A. & Imtenan, S. & Sajjad, H., 2013. "Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 133-147.
    2. Yaakob, Zahira & Narayanan, Binitha N. & Padikkaparambil, Silija & Unni K., Surya & Akbar P., Mohammed, 2014. "A review on the oxidation stability of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 136-153.
    3. Mohd Noor, C.W. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, R., 2018. "Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 127-142.
    4. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Cesur, Cüneyt & Aslan, Volkan & Yilbasi, Zeki, 2020. "The production of biodiesel from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil as a potential feedstock and its usage in compression ignition engine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    5. Bukkarapu, Kiran Raj & Krishnasamy, Anand, 2022. "A critical review on available models to predict engine fuel properties of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    6. Suiuay, Chokchai & Laloon, Kittipong & Katekaew, Somporn & Senawong, Kritsadang & Noisuwan, Phakamat & Sudajan, Somposh, 2020. "Effect of gasoline-like fuel obtained from hard-resin of Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) on single cylinder gasoline engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 634-645.
    7. Mahmudul, H.M. & Hagos, F.Y. & Mamat, R. & Adam, A. Abdul & Ishak, W.F.W. & Alenezi, R., 2017. "Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 497-509.
    8. Mofijur, M. & Atabani, A.E. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Masum, B.M., 2013. "A study on the effects of promising edible and non-edible biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions production: A comparative evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 391-404.
    9. Hajjari, Masoumeh & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Ghanavati, Hossein, 2017. "A review on the prospects of sustainable biodiesel production: A global scenario with an emphasis on waste-oil biodiesel utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 445-464.
    10. Khairul Azly Zahan & Manabu Kano, 2018. "Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-25, August.
    11. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    12. Rizwanul Fattah, I.M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Hazrat, M.A. & Masum, B.M. & Imtenan, S. & Ashraful, A.M., 2014. "Effect of antioxidants on oxidation stability of biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal based feedstocks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 356-370.
    13. Hoang, Anh Tuan & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Carlucci, Antonio Paolo & Ölçer, Aykut I. & Le, Anh Tuan & Ghassemi, Abbas, 2021. "Rice bran oil-based biodiesel as a promising renewable fuel alternative to petrodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Đurišić-Mladenović, Nataša & Kiss, Ferenc & Škrbić, Biljana & Tomić, Milan & Mićić, Radoslav & Predojević, Zlatica, 2018. "Current state of the biodiesel production and the indigenous feedstock potential in Serbia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 280-291.
    15. Savaliya, Mehulkumar L. & Patel, Pooja J. & Dholakiya, Bharatkumar Z., 2017. "A simple and sustainable process for the preparation of fuel grade esters using PE-Si composite: A reusable catalytic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-12.
    16. Caporusso, Antonio & De Bari, Isabella & Liuzzi, Federico & Albergo, Roberto & Valerio, Vito & Viola, Egidio & Pietrafesa, Rocchina & Siesto, Gabriella & Capece, Angela, 2023. "Optimized conversion of wheat straw into single cell oils by Yarrowia lipolytica and Lipomyces tetrasporus and synthesis of advanced biofuels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 184-195.
    17. Praveena, V. & Martin, Leenus Jesu & Matijošius, Jonas & Aloui, Fethi & Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan & Varuvel, Edwin Geo, 2024. "A systematic review on biofuel production and utilization from algae and waste feedstocks– a circular economy approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    18. Lamba, Bhawna Yadav & Joshi, Girdhar & Tiwari, Avanish K. & Rawat, Devendra Singh & Mallick, Sudesh, 2013. "Effect of antioxidants on physico-chemical properties of EURO-III HSD (high speed diesel) and Jatropha biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 222-229.
    19. Zhao, Man & Wang, Yanan & Zhou, Wenting & Zhou, Wei & Gong, Zhiwei, 2023. "Co-valorization of crude glycerol and low-cost substrates via oleaginous yeasts to micro-biodiesel: Status and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    20. Lourenço, Vitor Alves & Nadaleti, Willian Cézar & Vieira, Bruno Müller & Li, Hu, 2021. "Investigation of ethyl biodiesel via transesterification of rice bran oil: bioenergy from residual biomass in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1137-:d:316865. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.