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Effects of Cultivating Rice and Wheat with and without Organic Fertilizer Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Quality in Khost, Afghanistan

Author

Listed:
  • Rahmatullah Hashimi

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost 2504, Afghanistan)

  • Eri Matsuura

    (Center for International Field Agriculture Research & Education, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan)

  • Masakazu Komatsuzaki

    (Center for International Field Agriculture Research & Education, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan)

Abstract

The agricultural sector is the most important economic component in Afghanistan, as 80% of the population is involved. The improvement of cereal production is an urgent task to meet the nation’s demand for the staple within the limited arable land. To promote a sustainable crop production system, this study examined the soil quality to learn the basic knowledge of soil fertility and the environmental impact of different rice–wheat cropping systems in Khost, Afghanistan by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The economic analysis of each farming system was conducted by the data gathered by the farmers’ interviews along with LCA data collection. The analysis considered the on-farm activities, which were required to produce 1 kg of wheat and rice. It included energy use, production, and farming inputs such as fertilizer and agrochemicals. Conventional farming with organic fertilizer application (CF+OF) was compared with conventional farming (CF). The LCA results showed the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was higher in rice production compared to wheat production. However, CO 2 absorption by the crops was far greater than the total GHG emission in both systems and showed great potential for soil carbon sequestration for mitigation of global warming. The soil examination revealed the CF+OF system increased soil total carbon (TC), active C (AC), total N (TN), soil organic carbon storage (SCS), P, and K + after four years of organic fertilizer application. The yield of each crop was slightly higher in the CF system; however, the CF+OF system increased net income by reducing the cost for fertilizer. The study concluded the CF+OF system can improve soil fertility in the long term while saving the farming operation cost. Further research is required to determine the best combination of practices to improve cattle manure characteristics and farm management for soil carbon sequestration to promote a sustainable farming system in the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahmatullah Hashimi & Eri Matsuura & Masakazu Komatsuzaki, 2020. "Effects of Cultivating Rice and Wheat with and without Organic Fertilizer Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Quality in Khost, Afghanistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6508-:d:397974
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. George Fouad Antonious, 2018. "Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality," Chapters, in: Anna Aladjadjiyan (ed.), Agricultural Waste and Residues, IntechOpen.
    2. Masakazu Komatsuzaki & M. Faiz Syuaib, 2010. "Comparison of the Farming System and Carbon Sequestration between Conventional and Organic Rice Production in West Java, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Eri Matsuura & Masakazu Komatsuzaki & Rahmatullah Hashimi, 2018. "Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Vegetable Farms Using Different Farming Practices in the Kanto Region of Japan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Kifayatullah Kakar & Tran Dang Xuan & Mohammad Ismael Haqani & Ramin Rayee & Imran Khan Wafa & Saidajan Abdiani & Hoang-Dung Tran, 2019. "Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
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    1. Pingping Fang & David Abler & Guanghua Lin & Ali Sher & Quan Quan, 2021. "Substituting Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Fertilizer: Evidence from Apple Growers in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Nawab Khan & Ram L. Ray & Hazem S. Kassem & Muhammad Ihtisham & Abdullah & Simplice A. Asongu & Stephen Ansah & Shemei Zhang, 2021. "Toward Cleaner Production: Can Mobile Phone Technology Help Reduce Inorganic Fertilizer Application? Evidence Using a National Level Dataset," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Mustapha El Janati & Nouraya Akkal-Corfini & Ahmed Bouaziz & Abdallah Oukarroum & Paul Robin & Ahmed Sabri & Mohamed Chikhaoui & Zahra Thomas, 2021. "Benefits of Circular Agriculture for Cropping Systems and Soil Fertility in Oases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.

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