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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice

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  • Kifayatullah Kakar

    (Graduate School for Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
    Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan)

  • Tran Dang Xuan

    (Graduate School for Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan)

  • Zubair Noori

    (Kunduz Directorate of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Livestock, Kunduz 3503, Afghanistan)

  • Shafiqullah Aryan

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan)

  • Gulbuddin Gulab

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan)

Abstract

Nutrient management and fertilizer application are influential elements for high yield and preferred grain quality. Negligible information is available regarding fertilizer application in the paddy fields in Afghanistan. This research elucidates the efficacy of different fertilizers’ application on growth attributes, yield potential, and grain quality of rice. The treatments included the traditional application rate of nitrogen and phosphorus (RD), animal manure (AM), animal manure with 50% nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional application rate (AMRD), sawdust (SD), and sawdust with 50% nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional application rate (SDRD). Growth parameters, grain yield and its components, physicochemical properties, and morphological observation using scanning electron microscopy were recorded. The results revealed that the greatest panicle number, spikelet number, and grain yield were recorded in AMRD and SDRD treatments. Both AMRD and SDRD treatments increased the percentage of protein, amylose, and lipid contents, as well as the percentage of perfect grain compared to the RD treatment. Rice grain in RD treatment had very few protein bodies and their traces (pits), as well as the formation of amyloplasts and starch granules, were normal. However, AMRD and SDRD increased the number of protein bodies and their pits in the rice endosperm. The shapes of the amyloplasts were round and polyhedral with diverse sizes. Starch granules were polygonal with sharply defined edges. This research encourages farmers to adopt the combined application of manures and fertilizers to decrease the dependence on inorganic fertilizers.

Suggested Citation

  • Kifayatullah Kakar & Tran Dang Xuan & Zubair Noori & Shafiqullah Aryan & Gulbuddin Gulab, 2020. "Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:11:p:544-:d:443985
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kifayatullah Kakar & Tran Dang Xuan & Saidajan Abdiani & Imran Khan Wafa & Zubair Noori & Shakeib Attai & Tran Dang Khanh & Hoang-Dung Tran, 2019. "Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Kifayatullah Kakar & Tran Dang Xuan & Mohammad Ismael Haqani & Ramin Rayee & Imran Khan Wafa & Saidajan Abdiani & Hoang-Dung Tran, 2019. "Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhipeng Wang & Ershen Zhang & Guojun Chen, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Variation and Influencing Factors of Grain Yield in Major Grain-Producing Counties: A Comparative Study of Two Provinces from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Qianhui Ma & Shaofeng Zheng & Peng Deng, 2022. "Impact of Internet Use on Farmers’ Organic Fertilizer Application Behavior under the Climate Change Context: The Role of Social Network," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Jae-Ryoung Park & Yoon-Hee Jang & Eun-Gyeong Kim & Gang-Seob Lee & Kyung-Min Kim, 2023. "Nitrogen Fertilization Causes Changes in Agricultural Characteristics and Gas Emissions in Rice Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Bahati Ally Magesa & Geetha Mohan & Indrek Melts & Hirotaka Matsuda & Jian Pu & Kensuke Fukushi, 2023. "Interactions between Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Sustainable Development Goals in Tanzania, East Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Hülya Sayğı, 2023. "Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Yield, Plant Growth and Nutrient Elements in Strawberry Cultivation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.

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