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Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analyses of the Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Tamal Chowdhury

    (Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Kaptai Highway, Raozan, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
    Co-first authors.)

  • Hemal Chowdhury

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Kaptai Highway, Raozan, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
    Co-first authors.)

  • Ashfaq Ahmed

    (School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
    COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
    Co-first authors.)

  • Young-Kwon Park

    (School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea)

  • Piyal Chowdhury

    (Chattogram Collegiate School and College, Chattogram 4200, Bangladesh)

  • Nazia Hossain

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia)

  • Sadiq M. Sait

    (CCITR-RI, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Globally, the agriculture sector consumes a considerable portion of energy. Optimizing energy consumption and energy loss from different fuel-based types of machinery will increase the energy sustainability of this sector. Exergy analysis is a useful optimizing method that applies the thermodynamic approach to minimize energy loss. The main goal of this study is to highlight the impact of exergy loss on the energy sustainability of the agriculture sector. Hence, this study focuses on the implementation of exergy-based sustainability parameters to determine the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh. A comprehensive analysis combining energy, exergy, and sustainability indicators was conducted based on the data obtained from 1990 to 2017. Overall energy and exergy efficiencies varied between 29.86% and 36.68% and 28.2% and 35.4%, respectively, whereas the sustainability index varied between 1.39 and 1.54. The values of relative irreversibility and lack of productivity indices from diesel fuel are higher than that of other fuel types. Maximum relative irreversibility is 0.95, whereas maximum lack of productivity is 2.50. The environmental effect factor of diesel fuel is the highest (2.47) among all the analyzed fuel types. Replacing old farming devices and selecting appropriate farming methods, appliances, and control systems will reduce exergy loss in this sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Tamal Chowdhury & Hemal Chowdhury & Ashfaq Ahmed & Young-Kwon Park & Piyal Chowdhury & Nazia Hossain & Sadiq M. Sait, 2020. "Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analyses of the Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:4447-:d:365010
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yildizhan, Hasan, 2018. "Energy, exergy utilization and CO2 emission of strawberry production in greenhouse and open field," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 417-423.
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