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Application of SWAT Model with a Modified Groundwater Module to the Semi-Arid Hailiutu River Catchment, Northwest China

Author

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  • Guangwen Shao

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Danrong Zhang

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Yiqing Guan

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Yuebo Xie

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Feng Huang

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

Abstract

In the original soil and water assessment Tool (SWAT) model (SWAT-O), the contributions of shallow aquifers and deep aquifers to streamflow are simulated using the linear reservoir method. The movement of groundwater was limited in the hydrological response unit which is a minimum calculation unit in the SWAT. However, this computational method may not be suitable for the areas where a groundwater system is complicated, and the river is predominately recharged by groundwater. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced groundwater module which divides shallow aquifers into upper and lower aquifers, integrates all the deep aquifers of a sub-basin into a regional aquifer, and simulates interactive water amount between lower aquifer and deep aquifer using water depth difference. The modified groundwater module was introduced to the original SWAT model, hereby referred to as SWAT-MG. The SWAT-MG and SWAT-O models were applied to the Hailiutu River catchment, which is a semi-arid wind sandy grass shoal catchment. Results showed that both models underestimated streamflow in peak flow, while the simulated streamflow of SWAT-MG was closer the observed values than that of SWAT-O. Three evaluation criteria (NSE, RSR, PBIAS) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models and the results showed that SWAT-MG had a better performance than SWAT-O. The baseflow index of Hailiutu River which was calculated by the results of SWAT-MG was 96.78%, which means the streamflow is predominately recharged by groundwater, and this conforms to the actual situation of Hailiutu River catchment. This indicates that a SWAT model with a modified groundwater module could better represent the groundwater flow behavior in the study area.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangwen Shao & Danrong Zhang & Yiqing Guan & Yuebo Xie & Feng Huang, 2019. "Application of SWAT Model with a Modified Groundwater Module to the Semi-Arid Hailiutu River Catchment, Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:2031-:d:220268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Shenglan & Andersen​, Hans Estrup & Thodsen, Hans & Rubæk, Gitte Holton & Trolle, Dennis, 2016. "Extended SWAT model for dissolved reactive phosphorus transport in tile-drained fields and catchments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 78-90.
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    3. Shrestha, Manoj Kumar & Recknagel, Friedrich & Frizenschaf, Jacqueline & Meyer, Wayne, 2016. "Assessing SWAT models based on single and multi-site calibration for the simulation of flow and nutrient loads in the semi-arid Onkaparinga catchment in South Australia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 61-71.
    4. Gassman, Philip W. & Reyes, Manuel R. & Green, Colleen H. & Arnold, Jeffrey G., 2007. "The Soil and Water Assessment Tool: Historical Development, Applications, and Future Research Directions," ISU General Staff Papers 200701010800001027, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
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    1. Ning Wang & Jingbo Yang & Zaiyong Zhang & Yong Xiao & Hanbing Wang & Jinjun He & Lingqi Yi, 2023. "Analysis of Detailed Lake Variations and Associated Hydrologic Driving Factors in a Semi-Arid Ungauged Closed Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.

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