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Heavy Metals in Sediments of Urban Streams: Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Influencing Factors

Author

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  • Ewa Wojciechowska

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Nicole Nawrot

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Jolanta Walkusz-Miotk

    (Marine Geotoxicology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland)

  • Karolina Matej-Łukowicz

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Ksenia Pazdro

    (Marine Geotoxicology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland)

Abstract

Sediments of two urban streams in northern Poland outflowing to the Baltic Sea were assessed to explain the spatial variation in relation to urbanization level of the catchment, the role of retention tanks (RTs) and identification of pollution level. During the 3 month period of investigation sediment samples were collected from the inflow (IN) and outflow (OUT) of six RTs located on streams for flood protection. Six heavy metals (HMs) were investigated: Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr. The assessment of four geochemical enrichment indices used to quantify contamination of HMs in the sediments at IN and OUT samples was carried out. Contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (I geo ) and potential ecological risk (RI) were calculated and the indices usefulness was assessed. Also, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to assess health risk associated with dredging works. In sediments from RTs where paved surfaces constituted more than 70% of the catchment the HMs concentrations were from one to three times higher for Ni and from two to 143 times higher for Cu in comparison to soft catchment results. The extremely high Cu concentration (1114 mg/kg d.w.) found in sediments at RT Orłowska IN was most likely associated with large area of roofs covered with copper sheet. Calculation of CF, PLI, I geo , RI, HQ indicators allows for a complex and multi-dimensional assessment of sediment status. Among these, CF and PLI classified the analyzed sediments as most polluted. Basing on the sedimentary HMs concentrations the health risk level via dermal exposure pathway was assessed as low.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Wojciechowska & Nicole Nawrot & Jolanta Walkusz-Miotk & Karolina Matej-Łukowicz & Ksenia Pazdro, 2019. "Heavy Metals in Sediments of Urban Streams: Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Influencing Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:563-:d:199807
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, 2018. "Hepatobiliary Related Outcomes in US Adults Exposed to Lead," 2018 Stata Conference 81, Stata Users Group.
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    1. Mariusz Sojka & Mariusz Ptak & Joanna Jaskuła & Vlerë Krasniqi, 2022. "Ecological and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals Contained in Sediments of Polish Dam Reservoirs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Danica Fazekašová & František Petrovič & Juraj Fazekaš & Lenka Štofejová & Ivan Baláž & Filip Tulis & Tomáš Tóth, 2021. "Soil Contamination in the Problem Areas of Agrarian Slovakia," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Zhongya Fan & Wencai Wang & Chunyan Tang & Yiping Li & Zhong Wang & Shu Lin & Fantang Zeng, 2019. "Targeting Remediation Dredging by Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediment: A Case Study of Shitang Lake, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Danica Fazekašová & Juraj Fazekaš, 2020. "Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment of Iron Ore Mines in Nizna Slana (Slovakia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Jintao Li & Changjun Jiang & Zhanjun Xing, 2021. "Multi-dimensional influence measurement of urbanization on the quality of natural living environment in China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 12151-12168, August.
    6. Paweł Tomczyk & Bernard Gałka & Mirosław Wiatkowski & Bogna Buta & Łukasz Gruss, 2021. "Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Sediment Pollutants Accumulated in the Vicinity of a Small Hydropower Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.

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