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Simultaneous Removal of Residual Sulfate and Heavy Metals from Spent Electrolyte of Lead-Acid Battery after Precipitation and Carbonation

Author

Listed:
  • Shuai Gu

    (Center for Carbon Mineralization, Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea)

  • Bitian Fu

    (Shanghai Environment Sanitation Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China)

  • Ji Whan Ahn

    (Center for Carbon Mineralization, Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea)

Abstract

Spent electrolyte from lead-acid battery contains high concentrations of sulfate acid and heavy metals; therefore without proper handling, they might cause severe environmental pollution. A relatively high concentration of sulfate ions (approximately 3000 mg/L) and heavy metals still exists in the effluent even after precipitation with slaked lime and carbonation process, which need to be further processed to lower both the concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals for direct discharge. A process that involves the reduction of sulfate to sulfide with sulfate-reducing bacteria and precipitation of the excessive sulfide with Fe(OH) 2 was adopted to dispose of the effluent after precipitation and carbonation for direct discharge. Thermodynamic calculations were adopted to narrow down the optimum experimental range and understand the precipitation mechanism. In the whole process, no new impurities nor ions were introduced and 99.2% of sulfate, 99.9% of sulfide, 99.1% of Ca and more than 94.6% of Pb and 99.8% of Cd were removed and the obtained effluent was safe to discharge.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuai Gu & Bitian Fu & Ji Whan Ahn, 2020. "Simultaneous Removal of Residual Sulfate and Heavy Metals from Spent Electrolyte of Lead-Acid Battery after Precipitation and Carbonation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-11, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1263-:d:318624
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hong Ha Thi Vu & Shuai Gu & Thenepalli Thriveni & Mohd Danish Khan & Lai Quang Tuan & Ji Whan Ahn, 2019. "Sustainable Treatment for Sulfate and Lead Removal from Battery Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-8, June.
    2. Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2014. "Comparison of different lead–acid battery lifetime prediction models for use in simulation of stand-alone photovoltaic systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 242-253.
    3. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, 2018. "Hepatobiliary Related Outcomes in US Adults Exposed to Lead," 2018 Stata Conference 81, Stata Users Group.
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