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Cardiovascular-Related Outcomes in U.S. Adults Exposed to Lead

Author

Listed:
  • Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi

    (Department of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Rodrigo X. Armijos

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

  • M. Margaret Weigel

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

  • Gabriel M. Filippelli

    (Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA)

  • M. Aaron Sayegh

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

Abstract

Cardiovascular-related clinical markers were evaluated in this cross-sectional study of United States adults (aged ≥ 20) exposed to lead via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2008 and the 2009–2010 datasets. In four quartiles of exposure—0–2 μg/dL, 2–5 μg/dL, 5–10 μg/dL, and 10 μg/dL and over, clinical and anthropometric markers were evaluated—to examine how the markers manifested in the quartiles. Associations were determined via linear regression. Finally, clinical makers, and how they manifested between exposed and less-exposed occupations, were explored in addition to how duration of exposure altered these clinical markers. In regression analysis, Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, were significantly associated with blood lead level (BLL). In the occupational analysis, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), DBP, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, showed differences between populations in the exposed and less-exposed occupations. Regarding Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing, the duration of exposure altered SBP, CRP, and LDL cholesterol. With mining, the duration of exposure altered SBP, DBP, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, whereas in construction, the duration in occupation altered SBP, triglycerides, and CRP. In conclusion, lead exposure has a profound effect on the cardiovascular system, with potentially adverse outcomes existing at all exposure levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi & Rodrigo X. Armijos & M. Margaret Weigel & Gabriel M. Filippelli & M. Aaron Sayegh, 2018. "Cardiovascular-Related Outcomes in U.S. Adults Exposed to Lead," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:759-:d:141138
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, 2018. "Hepatobiliary Related Outcomes in US Adults Exposed to Lead," 2018 Stata Conference 81, Stata Users Group.
    2. Kristal-Boneh, E. & Coller, D. & Froom, P. & Harari, G. & Ribak, J., 1999. "The association between occupational lead exposure and serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(7), pages 1083-1087.
    3. Waller, K. & Osorio, A.M. & Maizlish, N. & Royce, S., 1992. "Lead exposure in the construction industry: Results from the California Occupational Lead Registry, 1987 through 1989," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(12), pages 1669-1671.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi & Alesia C. Ferguson & Katherine A. Stamatakis & Michael A. Province, 2021. "Combined Effect of Lead Exposure and Allostatic Load on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality—A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-9, June.
    2. Shamshad Karatela & Christin Coomarasamy & Janis Paterson & Neil I. Ward, 2019. "Household Smoking Status and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Toenails of Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Javier Cortes-Ramirez & Darren Wraith & Peter D. Sly & Paul Jagals, 2022. "Mapping the Morbidity Risk Associated with Coal Mining in Queensland, Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Nisha Naicker & Pieter De Jager & Shan Naidoo & Angela Mathee, 2018. "Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-10, July.
    5. Gabriel M. Filippelli & Jessica Adamic & Deborah Nichols & John Shukle & Emeline Frix, 2018. "Mapping the Urban Lead Exposome: A Detailed Analysis of Soil Metal Concentrations at the Household Scale Using Citizen Science," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, July.

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