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Return Migration and Tourism Sustainability in Portugal: Extracting Opportunities for Sustainable Common Planning in Southern Europe

Author

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  • Rossana Santos

    (College of Technologies and Management, University of Madeira, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal)

  • Rui Alexandre Castanho

    (CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
    Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
    VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • Sérgio Lousada

    (CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300 Portalegre, Portugal
    Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal)

Abstract

This study contributes to the knowledge of decision-makers on how tourism, small and medium-sized enterprises, return migration, and cooperation strategies can contribute to growth and sustainable development in rural areas. More specifically, it uses the Portuguese case to answer the following question: can the expectations and perceptions of emigrants provide directions for sustainable tourism development and common planning in order to contribute to rural development? The results obtained in a study developed in Portugal, through the application of a questionnaire survey of 5157 Portuguese emigrants, confirm the validity of this question. It is concluded that there are the emigrants at an active age (29–39 years old) and with a house in a rural area that have a greater propensity of returning, investing, and gaining employment in the area of tourism in Portugal, and they also have more training and professional experience in this area. Similarly, considering the experiences and migratory characteristics of these emigrants, it is argued that there is a strong probability that the return of emigrants from Southern European countries will contribute to the development of tourism in the rural areas of these countries. Besides, the study enables the identification of recommendations and directions for sustainable common planning in the political–strategic, financial–economic, resource sustainability, and sociocultural fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Rossana Santos & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Sérgio Lousada, 2019. "Return Migration and Tourism Sustainability in Portugal: Extracting Opportunities for Sustainable Common Planning in Southern Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6468-:d:287939
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    3. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Pedro Pimentel & Célia Barreto Carvalho & Áurea Sousa, 2020. "Territorial Management and Governance, Regional Public Policies and their Relationship with Tourism. A Case Study of the Azores Autonomous Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Anna Odrowaz-Coates, 2021. "Definitions of Sustainability in the Context of Gender," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Carol Kline & Lauren Duffy & E’Lisha Fogle & Dana Clark, 2022. "Crossover Paths for Peri-Urban Markets in Tourism Planning and Development: Mobility Motivations, Career Stage, Life Stage, and Desired Characteristics," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-17, March.
    6. Gualter Couto & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Carlos Santos & Pedro Pimentel & Áurea Sousa & Sandra Faria & Maria da Graça Batista, 2021. "Guidelines for Tourism Sustainability in Ultra-Peripheral Territories: A Research Based on the Azores Region’s Touristic Companies’ Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    7. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Pedro Pimentel & Áurea Sousa & Célia Carvalho & Maria da Graça Batista, 2020. "The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Accommodation Selection of Azorean Tourists. A Study Based on the Assessment of the Azores Population’s Attitudes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-14, November.
    8. Anatolie CĂRBUNE, 2020. "BOOK REVIEW: Rui Alexandre Castanho, Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) Strategies for Sustainable Development, Hershey, PA: IGI Global Abstract: Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) is one of the European Unio," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 233-237, November.

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