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Principal Component Analysis of the LEADER Approach (2007–2013) in South Western Europe (Extremadura and Alentejo)

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Nieto Masot

    (Department of Art and Territorial Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gema Cárdenas Alonso

    (Department of Art and Territorial Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Luis Manuel Costa Moreno

    (Center for Geographical Studies, IGOT, University of Lisbon, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Since the end of the last century, the Rural Development Policy and the associated Rural Development Aid have been implemented (according to the LEADER Approach) in European rural areas as a model of endogenous, integrated, and innovative development. Its objective is to reduce the differences of development in these areas. The objective of this paper is to analyze statistically (using Principal Component Analysis) the investments and projects carried out during the period of 2007–2013 in the regions of Extremadura and Alentejo. These two border regions have many territorial similarities but also historical, cultural, and political differences. These variations may contribute to a different implementation of the LEADER Approach. As determined by the results from the statistical analysis of economic aids and demographic variables, it is evident that there are differences in the management of the Rural Development Aid in both territories but resemblances in the results.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Nieto Masot & Gema Cárdenas Alonso & Luis Manuel Costa Moreno, 2019. "Principal Component Analysis of the LEADER Approach (2007–2013) in South Western Europe (Extremadura and Alentejo)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:15:p:4034-:d:251771
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Pascual Fernández Martínez & Mónica de Castro-Pardo & Víctor Martín Barroso & João C. Azevedo, 2020. "Assessing Sustainable Rural Development Based on Ecosystem Services Vulnerability," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-23, July.
    2. Ángela Engelmo Moriche & Ana Nieto Masot & Julián Mora Aliseda, 2021. "Territorial Analysis of the Survival of European Aid to Rural Tourism (Leader Method in SW Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-24, September.
    3. Alonso Gema Cárdenas & Masot Ana Nieto, 2020. "Rural Space Governance in Extremadura (SW Spain). Analysis of the Leader Approach," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 12(4), pages 448-468, December.
    4. Pedro Plasencia-Lozano, 2021. "An Ex Ante Analysis of the Planned Transportation Network in the Region of Extremadura (Spain) by Using Physical Parameters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-32, May.
    5. Alexandru Olar & Mugurel I. Jitea, 2021. "Enabling Factors for Better Multiplier Effects of the LEADER Programme: Lessons from Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Ángela Engelmo Moriche & Ana Nieto Masot & Julián Mora Aliseda, 2021. "Economic Sustainability of Touristic Offer Funded by Public Initiatives in Spanish Rural Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Ana Nieto Masot & Gema Cárdenas Alonso & Ángela Engelmo Moriche, 2020. "Design of a Development Index for Spanish Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, October.
    8. Gema Cárdenas Alonso & Ana Nieto Masot, 2022. "Mapping the Optimal Rural Areas to Invest in through the LEADER Approach: Case Study—Extremadura (SW Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-20, July.
    9. Belliggiano Angelo & Sturla Alberto & Vassallo Marco & Viganò Laura, 2020. "Neo-Endogenous Rural Development in Favor of Organic Farming: Two Case Studies from Italian Fragile Areas," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 1-29, March.
    10. Francisco J. Castellano-Álvarez & Ana Nieto Masot & José Castro-Serrano, 2020. "Intangibles of Rural Development. The Case Study of La Vera (Extremadura, Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-18, June.
    11. Alexandru Olar & Mugurel I. Jitea, 2021. "Counterbalancing the Development Territorial Disparities in the Implementation of the Community-Led Local Development EU Approach in Romania," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    12. Ana-Maria Opria & Lucian Roșu & Corneliu Iațu, 2021. "LEADER Program—An Inclusive or Selective Instrument for the Development of Rural Space in Romania?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, November.

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