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Do Urban Subway Openings Reduce PM 2.5 Concentrations? Evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Hongyou Lu

    (Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Yunchan Zhu

    (Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Yu Qi

    (School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Jinliang Yu

    (Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

Abstract

With the fast-growing consumption of automobiles in China, vehicle fumes appear to be one of the major contributors to PM 2.5 (fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) emissions. As a type of green transportation, Chinese urban subway transit has developed rapidly in recent years. This paper estimates the effect of urban subway openings on PM 2.5 concentrations in Chinese cities. Using daily air quality data for 29 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2018, and using regression discontinuity design, we find that new subway openings reduce PM 2.5 concentrations by an average of 18 μg/m 3 . The potential mechanism for this emission reduction is due to the offset in on-road transportation, and the use of cleaner energy. Also, central heating in winter, population scale, and city tier play crucial roles in the emission-reducing effect of subway openings. A series of robustness tests are conducted to support the fundamental empirical results. Targeted policy implications, such as optimizing the planning of urban subway construction and road network, fostering awareness of green travel, and promoting the innovation of emission-reducing technologies, are suggested for sustainable development in Chinese cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongyou Lu & Yunchan Zhu & Yu Qi & Jinliang Yu, 2018. "Do Urban Subway Openings Reduce PM 2.5 Concentrations? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:4147-:d:182066
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    3. Yunchan Zhu & Shuo Han & Yimeng Zhang & Qi Huang, 2021. "Evaluating the Effect of Government Emission Reduction Policy: Evidence from Demonstration Cities in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Huachao Yang & Ting Gan & Wei Liang & Xianchun Liao, 2022. "Can policies aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions help mitigate haze pollution? An empirical analysis of the emissions trading system," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1959-1980, February.
    5. Sangjun Choi & Ju-Hyun Park & So-Yeon Kim & Hyunseok Kwak & Dongwon Kim & Kyong-Hui Lee & Dong-Uk Park, 2019. "Characteristics of PM 2.5 and Black Carbon Exposure Among Subway Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-15, August.
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