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Does PPP Matter to Sustainable Tourism Development? An Analysis of the Spatial Effect of the Tourism PPP Policy in China

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  • Zhe Cheng

    (School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Zhenshan Yang

    (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Huina Gao

    (School of Tourism Management, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024, China)

  • Hui Tao

    (Institute of Ethnology and sociology, MinZu University of China, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Ming Xu

    (Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, NO. 2 Yuetan Beixiaojie, Xicheng District, Beijing 100836, China)

Abstract

Funding and efficiency have always been important factors that restrict the sustainable development of tourism in developing countries. The PPP (Public Private Partnership) is an innovative model for addressing the above problems and is popular in the sustainable development of tourism around the world. The performance evaluation of tourism PPP is a key step towards promoting the PPP policy and sustainable development. In particular, the analysis of spatial effects that are easily overlooked will help to improve the measure of PPP performance. Based on tourism PPP projects in the PPP database of the Ministry of Finance in China, this paper analyses the spatial patterns and development characteristics of tourism PPP, identifies and measures the impact factors of tourism PPP by virtue of the GeoDetector method, and analyzes the function of PPP in tourism development and governance. The research shows that there are significant spatial disparities in the tourism PPP projects. Although tourism PPP is the result of interactions between multiple factors, what plays a critical role is the financial factor. PPP acts as a policy driver in tourism development in China. It corrects spatial mismatch between tourism resources and factors, eliminates space barriers and promotes the realization of spatial justice of tourism development. This study not only contributes to the improvement of China’s PPP policy, but also has implications for PPP policies in other developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhe Cheng & Zhenshan Yang & Huina Gao & Hui Tao & Ming Xu, 2018. "Does PPP Matter to Sustainable Tourism Development? An Analysis of the Spatial Effect of the Tourism PPP Policy in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:4058-:d:180832
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    2. Alaa M. S. Azazz & Ibrahim A. Elshaer & Marwa Ghanem, 2021. "Developing a Measurement Scale of Opposition in Tourism Public-Private Partnerships Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Jiaxin Han & Enkhjargal Dalaibaatar, 2023. "A Study on the Influencing Factors of China’s Ecological Footprint Based on EEMD–GeoDetector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Wen, Tianzuo & Qiang, Wei & Liu, Xingjian, 2022. "Exploring the geography of urban comprehensive development in mainland Chinese cities," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Nannan Wang & Xiaoyan Chen & Guobin Wu, 2019. "Public Private Partnerships, a Value for Money Solution for Clean Coal District Heating Operations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Walter Leal Filho & Tony Wall & Jelena Barbir & Gabriela Nagle Alverio & Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis & Julianna Ramirez, 2022. "Relevance of international partnerships in the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-4, December.
    7. Zhe Cheng & Huanming Wang & Wei Xiong & Dajian Zhu & Le Cheng, 2021. "Public–private partnership as a driver of sustainable development: toward a conceptual framework of sustainability-oriented PPP," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 1043-1063, January.

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