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The Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire on Coping with Cyberbullying: The Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire

Author

Listed:
  • Niels C.L. Jacobs

    (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University The Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, PO Box 2960, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands)

  • Trijntje Völlink

    (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University The Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, PO Box 2960, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands)

  • Francine Dehue

    (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University The Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, PO Box 2960, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands)

  • Lilian Lechner

    (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University The Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, PO Box 2960, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategies the victims use. To assess their coping strategies, self-report questionnaires (SRQs) are used. However, these SRQs are often subject to several shortcomings: the (single and topological) categorizations used in SRQs do not always adequately differentiate among various coping responses, in addition the strategies of general SRQs fail to accurately measure coping with cyberbullying. This study is therefore aimed to develop a SRQ that specifically measures coping with cyberbullying ( i.e. , Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire; CCQ) and to discover whether other, not single and topological, categorizations of coping strategies can be found. Based on previous SRQs used in the (cyber)bullying ( i.e. , traditional and cyberbullying) literature ( i.e. , 49 studies were found with three different SRQs measuring coping with traditional bullying, cyberbullying or (cyber)bullying) items and categorizations were selected, compared and merged into a new questionnaire. In compliance with recommendations from the classical test-theory, a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were done, and a final model was constructed. Seventeen items loaded onto four different coping categorizations: mental-, passive-, social-, and confrontational-coping. The CCQ appeared to have good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, good discriminant validity and the development of the CCQ fulfilled many of the recommendations from classical test-theory. The CCQ omits working in single and topological categorizations and measures cognitive, behavioral, approach and avoidance strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Niels C.L. Jacobs & Trijntje Völlink & Francine Dehue & Lilian Lechner, 2015. "The Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire on Coping with Cyberbullying: The Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire," Societies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-32, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:5:y:2015:i:2:p:460-491:d:49738
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Niels C.L. Jacobs & Linda Goossens & Francine Dehue & Trijntje Völlink & Lilian Lechner, 2015. "Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews," Societies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Schneider, S.K. & O'donnell, L. & Stueve, A. & Coulter, R.W.S., 2012. "Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(1), pages 171-177.
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