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Gender, Education, and Attitudes toward Women’s Leadership in Three East Asian Countries: An Intersectional and Multilevel Approach

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  • Wenjie Liao

    (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA)

  • Liying Luo

    (Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA)

Abstract

Despite their achievements in the past few decades, women remain largely excluded from impactful leadership positions in many countries and fields. In this research, we focus on how gender and education shape public opinions that favor men over women for political and economic leadership in three East Asian countries. Utilizing an intersectional theoretical framework and multilevel methodological approach to analyze the World Value Survey data, we investigate the heterogeneous effects of education on gender attitudes between men and women and how such heterogeneity is conditioned by national contexts. We found that the negative association between higher levels of education and traditional gender attitudes is much stronger among women than among men, especially in Japan. National contexts not only directly shape gender attitudes but also modify the main and interactive effects of gender and education on attitudes toward women leadership. This research contributes to the emergent literature on the contingency of intersectionality and highlights the utility of multilevel analysis in intersectional and/or comparative studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenjie Liao & Liying Luo, 2021. "Gender, Education, and Attitudes toward Women’s Leadership in Three East Asian Countries: An Intersectional and Multilevel Approach," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:103-:d:622245
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mayte Gómez Marcos & Marcelo Ruiz Toledo & Claudio Ruff Escobar, 2022. "Towards Inclusive Higher Education: A Multivariate Analysis of Social and Gender Inequalities," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Mikaela J. Dufur & Hyeyoung Woo, 2023. "Associations between Gendered Family Structures and Adolescent Stress, Loneliness, and Sadness in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-24, February.

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