IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v10y2022i8p142-d868713.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Equivalent Risk Indicators: VaR, TCE, and Beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Faroni

    (EMLyon Business School, 23, Avenue Guy de Collongue, CEDEX, 69134 Ecully, France
    COACTIS (EA4161), Université de Lyon/Lyon 2, ISH, 14-16 Avenue Berthelot, 69007 Lyon, France)

  • Olivier Le Courtois

    (EMLyon Business School, 23, Avenue Guy de Collongue, CEDEX, 69134 Ecully, France)

  • Krzysztof Ostaszewski

    (College of Arts and Science, Illinois State University (ISU), Normal, IL 61790-4520, USA)

Abstract

While a lot of research concentrates on the respective merits of VaR and TCE, which are the two most classic risk indicators used by financial institutions, little has been written on the equivalence between such indicators. Further, TCE, despite its merits, may not be the most accurate indicator to take into account the nature of probability distribution tails. In this paper, we introduce a new risk indicator that extends TCE to take into account higher-order risks. We compare the quantiles of this indicator to the quantiles of VaR in a simple Pareto framework, and then in a generalized Pareto framework. We also examine equivalence results between the quantiles of high-order TCEs.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Faroni & Olivier Le Courtois & Krzysztof Ostaszewski, 2022. "Equivalent Risk Indicators: VaR, TCE, and Beyond," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:8:p:142-:d:868713
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/8/142/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/8/142/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. PAVLO A. Krokhmal, 2007. "Higher moment coherent risk measures," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 373-387.
    2. Thomas J. Linsmeier & Neil D. Pearson, 2000. "Value at Risk," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(2), pages 47-67, March.
    3. Olivier Le Courtois & Christian Walter, 2014. "The Computation of Risk Budgets under the Lévy Process Assumption," Post-Print hal-01892836, HAL.
    4. Olivier Le Courtois, 2018. "Some Further Results on the Tempered Multistable Approach," Post-Print hal-02312142, HAL.
    5. Olivier Courtois, 2018. "Some Further Results on the Tempered Multistable Approach," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 25(2), pages 87-109, June.
    6. Olivier Le Courtois & Christian Walter, 2014. "The Computation of Risk Budgets under the Lévy Process Assumption," Finance, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, vol. 35(2), pages 87-108.
    7. Acerbi, Carlo & Tasche, Dirk, 2002. "On the coherence of expected shortfall," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1487-1503, July.
    8. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    9. Sebastian Fuchs & Ruben Schlotter & Klaus D. Schmidt, 2017. "A Review and Some Complements on Quantile Risk Measures and Their Domain," Risks, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-16, November.
    10. Ruodu Wang & Ričardas Zitikis, 2021. "An Axiomatic Foundation for the Expected Shortfall," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(3), pages 1413-1429, March.
    11. Marzena Rostek, 2010. "Quantile Maximization in Decision Theory ," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 77(1), pages 339-371.
    12. Carlo Acerbi & Claudio Nordio & Carlo Sirtori, 2001. "Expected Shortfall as a Tool for Financial Risk Management," Papers cond-mat/0102304, arXiv.org.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Annamaria Olivieri, 2023. "Special Issue “Actuarial Mathematics and Risk Management”," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-3, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Silvia Faroni & Olivier Le Courtois & Krzysztof Ostaszewski, 2022. "Equivalent Risk Indicators : VaR, TCE, and Beyond," Post-Print hal-04325627, HAL.
    2. Fangyuan Zhang, 2023. "Non-concave portfolio optimization with average value-at-risk," Mathematics and Financial Economics, Springer, volume 17, number 3, December.
    3. Carlo Acerbi & Dirk Tasche, 2002. "Expected Shortfall: A Natural Coherent Alternative to Value at Risk," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 31(2), pages 379-388, July.
    4. Marco Rocco, 2011. "Extreme value theory for finance: a survey," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 99, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Martin Herdegen & Cosimo Munari, 2023. "An elementary proof of the dual representation of Expected Shortfall," Papers 2306.14506, arXiv.org.
    6. Rockafellar, R. Tyrrell & Uryasev, Stanislav, 2002. "Conditional value-at-risk for general loss distributions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1443-1471, July.
    7. Acerbi, Carlo, 2002. "Spectral measures of risk: A coherent representation of subjective risk aversion," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1505-1518, July.
    8. Karma, Otto & Sander, Priit, 2006. "The impact of financial leverage on risk of equity measured by loss-oriented risk measures: An option pricing approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 175(3), pages 1340-1356, December.
    9. Righi, Marcelo Brutti & Borenstein, Denis, 2018. "A simulation comparison of risk measures for portfolio optimization," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 105-112.
    10. Geissel Sebastian & Sass Jörn & Seifried Frank Thomas, 2018. "Optimal expected utility risk measures," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 35(1-2), pages 73-87, January.
    11. Maria Stefanova, 2012. "Recovery Risiko in der Kreditportfoliomodellierung," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-8349-4226-5, December.
    12. Mathieu Bargès & Hélène Cossette & Etienne Marceau, 2009. "TVaR-based capital allocation with copulas," Working Papers hal-00431265, HAL.
    13. James Ming Chen, 2018. "On Exactitude in Financial Regulation: Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall, and Expectiles," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-28, June.
    14. Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2019. "A composition between risk and deviation measures," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 282(1), pages 299-313, November.
    15. Marcelo Brutti Righi & Paulo Sergio Ceretta, 2015. "Shortfall Deviation Risk: An alternative to risk measurement," Papers 1501.02007, arXiv.org, revised May 2016.
    16. Steven Kou & Xianhua Peng & Chris C. Heyde, 2013. "External Risk Measures and Basel Accords," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 38(3), pages 393-417, August.
    17. Alexis Bonnet & Isabelle Nagot, 2005. "Methodology of measuring performance in alternative investment," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques b05078, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    18. Deepak K. Jadhav & Ramanathan Thekke Variyam, 2023. "Modified Expected Shortfall: a Coherent Risk Measure for Elliptical Family of Distributions," Sankhya B: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 85(1), pages 234-256, May.
    19. Dirk Tasche, 2002. "Expected Shortfall and Beyond," Papers cond-mat/0203558, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2002.
    20. Yiting Fan & Rui Fang, 2022. "Some Results on Measures of Interaction among Risks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-19, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:8:p:142-:d:868713. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.