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Coordinated Control of Single-Phase End-Users for Phase Load Balancing in Active Electric Distribution Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Gheorghe Grigoraș

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Livia Noroc

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Ecaterina Chelaru

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Florina Scarlatache

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Bogdan-Constantin Neagu

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Ovidiu Ivanov

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Mihai Gavrilaș

    (Department of Power Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

Abstract

In the paper, a coordinated control methodology of single-phase (1-P) end-users switching operations on the phases of an active electric distribution network (AEDN) has been proposed to obtain a minimum unbalance degree at the coupling common point (CCP) level with the main distribution system. The phase load balancing (PLB) process considers the smart devices that switch the 1-P end-users (consumers and prosumers) from one phase to another to compensate for the phase load unbalance. The proposed methodology has been tested successfully in an AEDN belonging to a Romanian Distribution Network Operator (DNO) containing 114 end-users (104 consumers/10 prosumers) integrated into the Smart Metering System (SMS). The optimal solution leads to a value of the objective function by 1.00, represented by the unbalance factor (UF), which could be identified with the ideal target. A comparative analysis was conducted considering other possible PLB cases (the consumer-level PLB and prosumer-level PLB), obtaining similar values of the UF (1.027 vs. 1.028), slightly higher than in the hybrid-level PLB. Additionally, the significant technical benefits were quantified through an energy-saving of 58.73% and decreasing the phase voltage unbalance rate by 91% compared to the initial case (without PLB). These results emphasized the positive impact of the proposed coordinated control methodology on the PLB process and evidenced its effectiveness and applicability in the AEDNs.

Suggested Citation

  • Gheorghe Grigoraș & Livia Noroc & Ecaterina Chelaru & Florina Scarlatache & Bogdan-Constantin Neagu & Ovidiu Ivanov & Mihai Gavrilaș, 2021. "Coordinated Control of Single-Phase End-Users for Phase Load Balancing in Active Electric Distribution Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-29, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:21:p:2662-:d:661430
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mishra, Dillip Kumar & Ghadi, Mojtaba Jabbari & Azizivahed, Ali & Li, Li & Zhang, Jiangfeng, 2021. "A review on resilience studies in active distribution systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Guanghai Bao & Sikai Ke, 2019. "Load Transfer Device for Solving a Three-Phase Unbalance Problem Under a Low-Voltage Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Xiaojun (Gene) Shan & Frank A. Felder & David W. Coit, 2017. "Game-theoretic models for electric distribution resiliency/reliability from a multiple stakeholder perspective," IISE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 159-177, February.
    4. Gheorghe Grigoras & Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, 2019. "Smart Meter Data-Based Three-Stage Algorithm to Calculate Power and Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-27, August.
    5. Rui Li & Wei Wang & Zhe Chen & Jiuchun Jiang & Weige Zhang, 2017. "A Review of Optimal Planning Active Distribution System: Models, Methods, and Future Researches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, October.
    6. Rozmysław Mieński & Przemysław Urbanek & Irena Wasiak, 2021. "Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
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