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Training Multilayer Neural Network Based on Optimal Control Theory for Limited Computational Resources

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Najem Alkawaz

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Jeevan Kanesan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Irfan Anjum Badruddin

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sarfaraz Kamangar

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed Hussien

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
    Pesticide Formulation Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt)

  • Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad 501401, India)

  • N. Ameer Ahammad

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Backpropagation (BP)-based gradient descent is the general approach to train a neural network with a multilayer perceptron. However, BP is inherently slow in learning, and it sometimes traps at local minima, mainly due to a constant learning rate. This pre-fixed learning rate regularly leads the BP network towards an unsuccessful stochastic steepest descent. Therefore, to overcome the limitation of BP, this work addresses an improved method of training the neural network based on optimal control (OC) theory. State equations in optimal control represent the BP neural network’s weights and biases. Meanwhile, the learning rate is treated as the input control that adapts during the neural training process. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several logic gates models such as XOR, AND, and OR, as well as the full adder model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional method in terms of improved accuracy in output with a shorter time in training. The training via OC also reduces the local minima trap. The proposed algorithm is almost 40% faster than the steepest descent method, with a marginally improved accuracy of approximately 60%. Consequently, the proposed algorithm is suitable to be applied on devices with limited computation resources, since the proposed algorithm is less complex, thus lowering the circuit’s power consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Najem Alkawaz & Jeevan Kanesan & Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & Sarfaraz Kamangar & Mohamed Hussien & Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig & N. Ameer Ahammad, 2023. "Training Multilayer Neural Network Based on Optimal Control Theory for Limited Computational Resources," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:3:p:778-:d:1056869
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Chaymae Rajafillah & Karim El Moutaouakil & Alina-Mihaela Patriciu & Ali Yahyaouy & Jamal Riffi, 2024. "INT-FUP: Intuitionistic Fuzzy Pooling," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, June.

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