IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i24p4885-d1294962.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

BNS: A Detection System to Find Nodes in the Bitcoin Network

Author

Listed:
  • Ruiguang Li

    (School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center, Beijing 100029, China)

  • Liehuang Zhu

    (School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Chao Li

    (National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center, Beijing 100029, China)

  • Fudong Wu

    (School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Dawei Xu

    (School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

Abstract

Bitcoin was launched over a decade ago and has made an increasing impact on the world’s financial order, which has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. The Bitcoin system runs on a dynamic P2P network, containing tens of thousands of nodes, including reachable nodes and unreachable nodes. In this article, a detection system, BNS (Bitcoin Network Sniffer), which could collect as many Bitcoin nodes as possible is proposed. For reachable nodes, the authors designed an algorithm, BRF (Bitcoin Reachable-Nodes Finding), based on node activity evaluation which reduces the nodes to be detected and greatly shortens the detection time. For unreachable nodes, the authors trained a decision tree model, BUF (Bitcoin Unreachable-Nodes Finding), to identify unreachable nodes based on attribute features from a large number of node addresses. Experiments showed that BNS discovered an average of 1093 more reachable nodes (6.4%) and 662 more unreachable nodes (2.3%) than the well-known website “Bitnodes” per day. It showed better performance in total nodes and efficiency. Based on the experimental results, the authors analyzed the real network size, node “churn”, and geographical distribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruiguang Li & Liehuang Zhu & Chao Li & Fudong Wu & Dawei Xu, 2023. "BNS: A Detection System to Find Nodes in the Bitcoin Network," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:24:p:4885-:d:1294962
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/24/4885/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/24/4885/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Suhwan Ji & Jongmin Kim & Hyeonseung Im, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Bitcoin Price Prediction Using Deep Learning," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-20, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dinggao Liu & Zhenpeng Tang & Yi Cai, 2022. "A Hybrid Model for China’s Soybean Spot Price Prediction by Integrating CEEMDAN with Fuzzy Entropy Clustering and CNN-GRU-Attention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Sudersan Behera & Sarat Chandra Nayak & A. V. S. Pavan Kumar, 2024. "Evaluating the Performance of Metaheuristic Based Artificial Neural Networks for Cryptocurrency Forecasting," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(2), pages 1219-1258, August.
    3. Bartosz Bieganowski & Robert Ślepaczuk, 2024. "Supervised Autoencoder MLP for Financial Time Series Forecasting," Working Papers 2024-03, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    4. Yuze Li & Shangrong Jiang & Xuerong Li & Shouyang Wang, 2022. "Hybrid data decomposition-based deep learning for Bitcoin prediction and algorithm trading," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, December.
    5. Duygu Ider & Stefan Lessmann, 2022. "Forecasting Cryptocurrency Returns from Sentiment Signals: An Analysis of BERT Classifiers and Weak Supervision," Papers 2204.05781, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    6. Nagula, Pavan Kumar & Alexakis, Christos, 2022. "A new hybrid machine learning model for predicting the bitcoin (BTC-USD) price," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    7. Ullah, Subhan & Attah-Boakye, Rexford & Adams, Kweku & Zaefarian, Ghasem, 2022. "Assessing the influence of celebrity and government endorsements on bitcoin’s price volatility," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 228-239.
    8. Mingzhe Wei & Georgios Sermpinis & Charalampos Stasinakis, 2023. "Forecasting and trading Bitcoin with machine learning techniques and a hybrid volatility/sentiment leverage," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 852-871, July.
    9. Surinder Singh Khurana & Parvinder Singh & Naresh Kumar Garg, 2024. "OG-CAT: A Novel Algorithmic Trading Alternative to Investment in Crypto Market," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(5), pages 1735-1756, May.
    10. Zi Ye & Yinxu Wu & Hui Chen & Yi Pan & Qingshan Jiang, 2022. "A Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning Model for Bitcoin Price Prediction Using Twitter Comments on Bitcoin," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, April.
    11. Armand Mihai Cismaru, 2024. "DeepTraderX: Challenging Conventional Trading Strategies with Deep Learning in Multi-Threaded Market Simulations," Papers 2403.18831, arXiv.org.
    12. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chao-Qun & Kong, Xiao-Lin & Baltas, Konstantinos & Zureigat, Qasim, 2022. "Past, present, and future of the application of machine learning in cryptocurrency research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    13. Gil Cohen, 2022. "Algorithmic Trading and Financial Forecasting Using Advanced Artificial Intelligence Methodologies," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-13, September.
    14. Aidin Zehtab-Salmasi & Ali-Reza Feizi-Derakhshi & Narjes Nikzad-Khasmakhi & Meysam Asgari-Chenaghlu & Saeideh Nabipour, 2023. "Multimodal Price Prediction," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 619-635, June.
    15. Hakan Pabuccu & Serdar Ongan & Ayse Ongan, 2023. "Forecasting the movements of Bitcoin prices: an application of machine learning algorithms," Papers 2303.04642, arXiv.org.
    16. Rico-Peña, Juan Jesús & Arguedas-Sanz, Raquel & López-Martin, Carmen, 2023. "Models used to characterise blockchain features. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    17. Nicolás Magner & Nicolás Hardy, 2022. "Cryptocurrency Forecasting: More Evidence of the Meese-Rogoff Puzzle," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(13), pages 1-27, July.
    18. Isabela Ruiz Roque da Silva & Eli Hadad Junior & Pedro Paulo Balbi, 2022. "Cryptocurrencies trading algorithms: A review," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(8), pages 1661-1668, December.
    19. David L. John & Sebastian Binnewies & Bela Stantic, 2024. "Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Algorithms: A Survey and Future Directions," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-35, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:24:p:4885-:d:1294962. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.