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Analyzing the Losses and Gains of a Land Category: Insights from the Total Operating Characteristic

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh

    (Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA)

  • Robert Gilmore Pontius

    (Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA)

  • Zhen Liu

    (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

Abstract

This manuscript provides guidance concerning how to use the Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) when (1) analyzing change through time, (2) ranking a categorical independent variable, and (3) constraining the extent for a gaining category. The illustrative variable is the marsh land-cover category in the Plum Island Ecosystems of northeastern Massachusetts, USA. The data are an elevation map and maps showing the land categories of water, marsh, and upland in 1938, 1971, and 2013. There were losses and gains near the edge of the marsh between 1938 and 1972 and between 1972 and 2013. The TOC curves show that marsh gained most intensively at intermediate elevations during the first time interval and then had a weaker association with elevation during the second time interval. Marsh gains more intensively from water than from upland during both time intervals. The TOC curves also demonstrate that the marsh gains occurred where marsh was previously lost, a phenomenon called Alternation. Furthermore, eliminating far distances and extreme elevations from the spatial extent decreased the area under the curve (AUC) for distance and increased the AUC for elevation. We invite scientists to use the TOC because the TOC is easier to interpret and shows more information than the Relative Operative Characteristic.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh & Robert Gilmore Pontius & Zhen Liu, 2024. "Analyzing the Losses and Gains of a Land Category: Insights from the Total Operating Characteristic," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:1177-:d:1446721
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lori E. Dodd & Margaret S. Pepe, 2003. "Partial AUC Estimation and Regression," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 59(3), pages 614-623, September.
    2. Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh & Andrews Korah & Antwi Opuni & Adeline Akansobe, 2023. "Comparing the Trajectory of Urban Impervious Surface in Two Cities: The Case of Accra and Kumasi, Ghana," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, April.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    alternation; land change; marsh; TOC; AUC;
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