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Spatial Change of the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 1985 to 2021

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  • Zongmei Li

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
    Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China)

  • Lanhui Li

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Yang Wang

    (College of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, China)

  • Wang Man

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Wenfeng Liu

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Qin Nie

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China)

Abstract

Identifying the spatial changes in farming–pastoral ecotone (FPE) is of utmost importance for the development of strategies for ecological protection in ecologically fragile areas. This study employed spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering techniques to map FPE at the pixel scale using CLCD data with a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m in the years 1985, 2000, and 2021, and then analyzed the changes of the FPE in northern China. The results showed that the FPE is mainly located at the border between the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the adjacent provinces, which is along the Hu-line and the 400-mm isohyetal line. The area of the FPE was 63.94 × 10 4 km 2 , 62.90 × 10 4 km 2 , and 53.81 × 10 4 km 2 in 1985, 2000, and 2021, respectively, accounting for 6.7%, 6.6%, 5.6% of the total land area in China. The FPE boundary moved northwestward during 1985–2021, demonstrating retreating, fragmenting, and shrinking tendencies. The decreased areas and the moving distances of the gravity center are six times and four times greater during 2000–2021 than that during 1985–2000, respectively. Moreover, the discontinuous change in FPE was mainly due to the increase in forest land, especially for the conversion of grassland to forest land. Our findings provide guidance for the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of ecosystem structure in the farming–pastoral ecotone.

Suggested Citation

  • Zongmei Li & Lanhui Li & Yang Wang & Wang Man & Wenfeng Liu & Qin Nie, 2022. "Spatial Change of the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 1985 to 2021," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:2179-:d:990340
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiao-Peng Song & Matthew C. Hansen & Stephen V. Stehman & Peter V. Potapov & Alexandra Tyukavina & Eric F. Vermote & John R. Townshend, 2018. "Author Correction: Global land change from 1982 to 2016," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7732), pages 26-26, November.
    2. Theodore Danso Marfo & Rahul Datta & Valerie Vranová & Adam Ekielski, 2019. "Ecotone Dynamics and Stability from Soil Perspective: Forest-Agriculture Land Transition," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Xiao-Peng Song & Matthew C. Hansen & Stephen V. Stehman & Peter V. Potapov & Alexandra Tyukavina & Eric F. Vermote & John R. Townshend, 2018. "Global land change from 1982 to 2016," Nature, Nature, vol. 560(7720), pages 639-643, August.
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