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Physical Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease—A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

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  • Jian Li

    (Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
    Department of Medical Sociology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
    Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

  • Johannes Siegrist

    (Department of Medical Sociology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

Abstract

In order to update and improve available evidence on associations of physical activity (PA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) by applying meta-analytic random effects modeling to data from prospective cohort studies, using high quality criteria of study selection, we searched the PubMed database from January 1980 to December 2010 for prospective cohort studies of PA and incident CVD, distinguishing occupational PA and leisure time PA, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, respectively. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed English papers with original data, studies with large sample size (n ≥ 1,000) and substantial follow-up (≥5 years), available data on major confounders and on estimates of relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 21 prospective studies in the overall analysis, with a sample size of more than 650,000 adults who were initially free from CVD, and with some 20,000 incident cases documented during follow-up. Among men, RR of overall CVD in the group with the high level of leisure time PA was 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.82, p p p = 0.008) and women (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.67–1.03, p = 0.089). No publication bias was observed. Our findings suggest that high level of leisure time PA and moderate level of occupational PA have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health by reducing the overall risk of incident coronary heart disease and stroke among men and women by 20 to 30 percent and 10 to 20 percent, respectively. This evidence from high quality studies supports efforts of primary and secondary prevention of CVD in economically advanced as well as in rapidly developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Jian Li & Johannes Siegrist, 2012. "Physical Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease—A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:2:p:391-407:d:15821
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Donahue, R.P. & Abbott, R.D. & Reed, D.M. & Yano, K., 1988. "Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men: The Honolulu Heart Program," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(6), pages 683-685.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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