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Environmental Impacts from Pesticide Use: A Case Study of Soil Fumigation in Florida Tomato Production

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  • Doris Sande

    (Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Conner Hall, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Jeffrey Mullen

    (Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Conner Hall, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Michael Wetzstein

    (Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Conner Hall, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Jack Houston

    (Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Conner Hall, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

Abstract

The search for alternative fumigants has been ongoing since the 1992 Parties of the Montreal Protocol classified methyl bromide as a Class I controlled substance with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.7 and destined it for phase-out. This paper focuses on the hazards from fumigants proposed as alternatives for pre-plant soil fumigation in tomato production. We use the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) developed by Kovach et al. to estimate the hazards from methyl bromide and the proposed alternative fumigants to workers, consumers, beneficial arthropods, birds, fish, and bees. Our findings indicate that iodomethane 98/2 has the lowest EIQ index value and field use rating, and is the alternative with the lowest relative risk. Among environmental categories, workers and beneficial arthropods experience the highest relative risks from the proposed tomato fumigants, and fish and consumers the least risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Doris Sande & Jeffrey Mullen & Michael Wetzstein & Jack Houston, 2011. "Environmental Impacts from Pesticide Use: A Case Study of Soil Fumigation in Florida Tomato Production," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:12:p:4649-4661:d:15220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Osteen, Craig D., 2003. "Methyl Bromide Phaseout Proceeds: Users Request Exemptions," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, pages 1-6, April.
    2. Cuyno, Leah C. M. & Norton, George W. & Rola, Agnes, 2001. "Economic analysis of environmental benefits of integrated pest management: a Philippine case study," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 25(2-3), pages 227-233, September.
    3. Ferguson, Walter & Padula, Armand, 1994. "Economic Effects of Banning Methyl Bromide for Soil Fumigation," Agricultural Economic Reports 308281, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Mullen, Jeffrey D. & Norton, George W. & Reaves, Dixie Watts, 1997. "Economic Analysis Of Environmental Benefits Of Integrated Pest Management," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 29(2), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Brethour, Cher & Weersink, Alfons, 2001. "An economic evaluation of the environmental benefits from pesticide reduction," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 25(2-3), pages 219-226, September.
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